美國刑事法院（六度百科）

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美国刑事法院

目录

1. 概述
2. 1.美国刑事法院：概述
3. 2. 美国刑事法院的起源
4. 3. 美国宪法和刑事法院
5. 4. 美国刑事法院的发展
6. 5. 联邦法院和美国刑事法院
7. 6. 美国刑事法院和州法院
8. 7. 美国刑事法院的管辖权
9. 8. 美国刑事法院的结构
10. 9. 美国刑事法院的行政管理
11. 10. 美国刑事法院的未来
12. 引用

概述

美国刑事法院系统是在美国审判和定罪罪犯的过程。美国宪法规定了联邦政府制度，因此美国刑事法院系统由联邦和州法院组成。

联邦刑事法院系统负责审理涉及联邦法律的案件，而州刑事法院系统负责审理涉及州法律的案件。在一些州，还有地方刑事法院负责审理涉及地方法令的案件。

美国的绝大多数刑事案件都是在州法院而不是联邦法院审理的。这是因为大多数犯罪不是联邦犯罪，而是州犯罪。但是，有些罪行可以在联邦或州法院审判。

美国刑事法院系统是对抗性的，这意味着控方和辩方都由律师代表。陪审团或法官在某些情况下决定被告是否有罪。

如果被告被判有罪，法官将判处被告法律允许的惩罚。惩罚可以是罚款、监禁或两者兼而有之。在某些情况下，可能会判处死刑。

1.美国刑事法院：概述

美国刑事法院是审理涉及联邦犯罪的案件的联邦法院系统。该法院系统分为三级：地区法院，即审判法院;巡回法院，即上诉法院;和最高法院，这是该国的最高法院。联邦犯罪是那些应受联邦政府惩罚的罪行，其中包括叛国、间谍和贩毒等。美国刑事法院的案件由陪审团审理，控方负有举证责任，证明被告有罪，排除合理怀疑。如果被告被判有罪，他们可能会被判处监禁、罚款或两者兼而有之。

2. 美国刑事法院的起源

美国刑事法院系统是英国普通法体系的产物。英国普通法是在17世纪由英国定居者带到北美殖民地的。美洲殖民地采用了普通法体系，它成为美国和其他曾经属于大英帝国的国家的法律体系的基础。

普通法制度基于先例原则，这意味着法院的判决是基于早期法院的判决。这一原则体现在遵循先例的学说中，该学说在拉丁语中意为“坚持决定的事情”。根据这一原则，法院必须遵循其管辖范围内的上级法院的裁决。

英国普通法体系随着时间的推移而发展，以满足不断发展和变化的社会的需求。在美国，联邦法院系统是根据宪法建立的，各州都有自己的法院系统。

美国的刑事法院系统旨在保护被告的权利并确保伸张正义。《宪法》保障由陪审团进行公正和迅速审判的权利，刑事法院系统的结构也规定了这项权利。

美国的刑事法院系统起源于英国普通法系统。美洲殖民地采用了普通法体系，它成为美国和其他曾经属于大英帝国的国家的法律体系的基础。美国的刑事法院系统旨在保护被告的权利并确保伸张正义。

3. 美国宪法和刑事法院

美国宪法是美国的最高法律。它建立了联邦政府的框架，并规定了国家的原则。宪法在美国刑事司法系统中占有核心地位。它规定了公民的基本权利，包括获得公平审判的权利，并规定了制衡制度，以确保政府对人民负责。

《宪法》还建立了联邦法院系统，其中包括最高法院，即该国的最高法院。《宪法》赋予最高法院审理涉及解释《宪法》本身的案件的权力。这种权力被称为司法审查，它是最高法院在美国政府体系中发挥作用的最重要方面之一。

《宪法》还赋予最高法院审理涉及联邦法律的案件的权力。这包括由联邦政府提交法院的刑事案件。最高法院对所有此类案件拥有最终决定权，其裁决对所有下级法院具有约束力。

《宪法》是一份活的文件，最高法院定期对其进行解释。随着新问题和新挑战的出现，法院有权根据当前情况重新解释《宪法》。通过这种方式，宪法随着时间的推移而发展，它仍然是美国政府体系的重要组成部分。

4. 美国刑事法院的发展

美国的刑事法院制度起源于英国的普通法制度。美国的第一个刑事法院于 1600 年代在殖民地成立。这些法院以英国制度为蓝本，该制度基于陪审团审判的原则。

在1700年代后期，美国宪法获得批准，联邦政府被赋予建立国家刑事法院系统的权力。第一个联邦刑事法院成立于1789年。该法院被称为美国哥伦比亚特区地方法院。

1801年，《司法法》获得通过，建立了巡回法院系统。该系统由地区法院和巡回法院组成。巡回法院是上诉法院，它们有权审查地区法院作出的决定。

1802年，最高法院成立，成为该国最高法院。最高法院有权审查下级法院作出的决定。

美国的刑事法院系统自成立以来经历了许多变化。但是，该系统的基本结构保持不变。地区法院是审判法院，巡回法院是上诉法院。最高法院是这片土地上的最高法院。

5. 联邦法院和美国刑事法院

联邦法院和美国刑事法院是美国两种主要类型的法院。联邦法院处理涉及宪法和联邦法律的案件，而州法院处理涉及州法律的案件。美国宪法确立了联邦法院系统，该系统由美国最高法院、美国上诉法院和美国地区法院组成。最高法院是该国最高法院，是唯一可以审理涉及《宪法》的案件的法院。美国上诉法院是美国第二最高法院，审理来自下级联邦法院的上诉。美国地区法院是最低的联邦法院，处理涉及联邦法律的案件。

6. 美国刑事法院和州法院

美国刑事法院系统是一个金字塔。美国最高法院在顶部，州法院在底部。介于两者之间的是联邦地区法院和联邦上诉法院。

美国宪法赋予联邦政府制造犯罪和惩罚罪犯的权力。宪法还赋予联邦政府设立法院的权力。美国国会利用这一权力建立了联邦法院系统。

州法院是各个州的法院。州法院处理美国绝大多数刑事案件。州法院被组织成一个等级制度，州最高法院位于最高层。

联邦地区法院是联邦法院系统的审判法院。他们审理涉及联邦犯罪的案件，以及涉及来自不同州的当事方的案件。美国有94个联邦地区法院。

联邦上诉法院是联邦法院系统的中级上诉法院。他们听取联邦地区法院的上诉。美国有13个联邦上诉法院。

美国最高法院是美国的最高法院。它听取联邦上诉法院的上诉。它还审理涉及重要宪法问题的案件。

7. 美国刑事法院的管辖权

美国刑事法院是对美国所有刑事案件拥有专属管辖权的联邦法院。这包括所有联邦犯罪，以及在联邦财产上犯下的任何州犯罪或涉及州际贸易。刑事法院分为三级：地区法院、巡回上诉法院和最高法院。

8. 美国刑事法院的结构

美国刑事法院是主持美利坚合众国刑事案件的法院系统。法院系统分为两个不同的级别：联邦和州。

联邦刑事法院系统负责审理涉及违反联邦法律的案件。这些案件通常由联邦执法机构（如联邦调查局）调查。联邦法院系统由三个不同的级别组成：

最低一级是地区法院，这是大多数刑事案件开始的地方。每个州至少有一个地区法院，它们分为94个司法区。

下一级是巡回上诉法院，由11个地区法院组成。这些法院审理地区法院的上诉。

最高级别是美国最高法院，是最终上诉法院。

州刑事法院系统负责审理涉及违反州法律的案件。这些案件通常由州执法机构调查。州法院系统由两个不同的级别组成：

最低一级是审判法院，这是大多数刑事案件开始的地方。每个州至少有一个审判法院，它们分为不同的法院级别，例如地区法院、高级法院和市法院。

下一级是上诉法院，审理初审法院的上诉。上诉法院通常分为两级：上诉法院和最高法院。

美国宪法第8修正案保护公民免受过度保释和残忍和不寻常的惩罚。

9. 美国刑事法院的行政管理

美国刑事法院系统是一个复杂的系统，旨在处理大量案件。该系统分为两部分：联邦法院系统和州法院系统。联邦法院系统负责处理涉及联邦法律的案件，而州法院系统负责处理涉及州法律的案件。

联邦法院系统分为三个级别：地区法院、巡回上诉法院和最高法院。地区法院是联邦法院系统的审判法院。他们负责审理涉及联邦法律的刑事和民事案件。巡回上诉法院是联邦法院系统的上诉法院。他们负责审查地区法院作出的决定，并确定这些决定是否正确。最高法院是联邦法院系统中的最高法院。它负责审查下级法院作出的决定，并确定这些决定是否正确。

州法院系统分为两部分：审判法院和上诉法院。审判法院负责审理涉及州法律的刑事和民事案件。上诉法院负责审查审判法院作出的决定，并确定这些决定是否正确。

10. 美国刑事法院的未来

美国刑事法院在未来几年将面临许多挑战。该法院的任务是处理不断增长的囚犯人口，老化的基础设施和缺乏资金。法院人手不足和工作过度，使这些挑战更加复杂。

为了应对这些挑战，法院需要具有创造性和创新精神。法院将需要找到新的方法来提高运作效率和效力。此外，法院将需要获得额外资金来支持其运作。

美国刑事法院的未来是不确定的。然而，如果法院能够克服这些挑战，它将继续成为美国司法系统的重要组成部分。

引用

-美国康斯特艺术第三。
-美国法典，标题 18
-美国法典，标题 28
-联邦法规
-联邦刑事诉讼规则

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United States Criminal Court

Table of Contents

1. Overview

2. 1.United States Criminal Court: An Overview

3. 2. Origins of the United States Criminal Court
4. 3. The United States Constitution and the Criminal Court
5. 4. The Development of the United States Criminal Court
6. 5. Federal Courts and the United States Criminal Court
7. 6. The United States Criminal Court and State Courts
8. 7. The Jurisdiction of the United States Criminal Court
9. 8. The Structure of the United States Criminal Court
10. 9. The Administration of the United States Criminal Court
11. 10. The Future of the United States Criminal Court

12. References

Overview

The United States criminal court system is the process by which criminals are tried and convicted in the United States. The United States Constitution provides for a federal system of government, and therefore the United States criminal court system is composed of federal and state courts.

The federal criminal court system is responsible for trying cases involving federal law, while the state criminal court system is responsible for trying cases involving state law. In some states, there are also local criminal courts that are responsible for trying cases involving local ordinances.

The vast majority of criminal cases in the United States are tried in state court, rather than federal court. This is because most crimes are not federal crimes, but are instead state crimes. However, there are some crimes that can be tried in either federal or state court.

The United States criminal court system is adversarial, meaning that the prosecution and the defense are both represented by attorneys. The jury, or judge in some cases, decides whether the defendant is guilty or not guilty.

If the defendant is found guilty, the judge will sentence the defendant to a punishment that is allowed by law. The punishment may be a fine, imprisonment, or both. In some cases, the death penalty may be imposed.

1.United States Criminal Court: An Overview

The United States Criminal Court is the federal court system that hears cases involving federal crimes. This court system is organized into three tiers: the district courts, which are the trial courts; the circuit courts, which are the appellate courts; and the Supreme Court, which is the highest court in the land. Federal crimes are those that are punishable by the federal government, and they include things like treason, espionage, and drug trafficking. Cases in the United States Criminal Court are tried by jury, and the burden of proof is on the prosecution to prove the guilt of the accused beyond a reasonable doubt. If the defendant is found guilty, they may be sentenced to prison, fined, or both.

2. Origins of the United States Criminal Court

The United States criminal court system is a product of the English common law system. English common law was brought to the North American colonies by English settlers in the 17th century. The American colonies adopted the common law system, and it became the basis for the legal systems of the United States and other countries that were once part of the British Empire.

The common law system is based on the principle of precedent, which means that court decisions are based on the decisions of earlier courts. This principle is embodied in the doctrine of stare decisis, which is Latin for “to stand by things decided.” Under this doctrine, courts are bound to follow the decisions of higher courts in their jurisdiction.

The English common law system evolved over time to meet the needs of a growing and changing society. In the United States, the federal court system was established by the Constitution, and the states each have their own court system.

The criminal court system in the United States is designed to protect the rights of the accused and to ensure that justice is served. The Constitution guarantees the right to a fair and speedy trial by jury, and the criminal court system is structured to provide for this right.

The criminal court system in the United States has its origins in the English common law system. The American colonies adopted the common law system, and it became the basis for the legal systems of the United States and other countries that were once part of the British Empire. The criminal court system in the United States is designed to protect the rights of the accused and to ensure that justice is served.

3. The United States Constitution and the Criminal Court

The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States. It establishes the framework of the federal government and sets out the national principles of the country. The Constitution has a central place in the American criminal justice system. It sets out the basic rights of citizens, including the right to a fair trial, and provides for a system of checks and balances to ensure that the government is accountable to the people.

The Constitution also establishes the federal court system, which includes the Supreme Court, the highest court in the land. The Constitution gives the Supreme Court the power to hear cases involving the interpretation of the Constitution itself. This power is known as judicial review, and it is one of the most important aspects of the Court’s role in the American system of government.

The Constitution also gives the Supreme Court the power to hear cases involving federal law. This includes criminal cases, which are brought to the Court by the federal government. The Supreme Court has the final say in all such cases, and its decisions are binding on all lower courts.

The Constitution is a living document, and it is interpreted by the Supreme Court on a regular basis. As new issues and challenges arise, the Court has the power to reinterpret the Constitution in light of current conditions. In this way, the Constitution evolves over time, and it remains an important part of the American system of government.

4. The Development of the United States Criminal Court

The criminal court system in the United States has its roots in the British common law system. The first criminal courts in the United States were established in the colonies in the 1600s. These courts were modeled after the English system, which was based on the principle of trial by jury.

In the late 1700s, the United States Constitution was ratified, and the federal government was given the power to establish a national criminal court system. The first federal criminal court was established in 1789. This court was known as the United States District Court for the District of Columbia.

In 1801, the Judiciary Act was passed, which created a circuit court system. This system consisted of district courts and circuit courts. The circuit courts were appellate courts, and they had the power to review decisions made by the district courts.

In 1802, the Supreme Court was established, and it became the highest court in the land. The Supreme Court has the power to review decisions made by the lower courts.

The criminal court system in the United States has undergone many changes since its inception. However, the basic structure of the system remains the same. The district courts are the trial courts, and the circuit courts are the appellate courts. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the land.

5. Federal Courts and the United States Criminal Court

The Federal Courts and the United States Criminal Court are the two main types of courts in the United States. The Federal Courts handle cases involving the Constitution and federal law, while the state courts handle cases involving state law. The United States Constitution establishes the federal court system, which consists of the Supreme Court of the United States, the United States Court of Appeals, and the United States District Courts. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the land and is the only court that can hear cases involving the Constitution. The United States Court of Appeals is the second highest court in the land and hears appeals from the lower federal courts. The United States District Courts are the lowest federal courts and handle cases that involve federal law.

6. The United States Criminal Court and State Courts

The United States criminal court system is a pyramid. The United States Supreme Court is at the top, and the state courts are at the bottom. In between are the federal district courts and the federal courts of appeals.

The United States Constitution gives the federal government the power to create crimes and to punishing criminals. The Constitution also gives the federal government the power to create courts. The United States Congress has used this power to create the federal court system.

The state courts are the courts of the individual states. The state courts handle the vast majority of criminal cases in the United States. The state courts are organized into a hierarchy, with the state supreme court at the top.

The federal district courts are the trial courts of the federal court system. They hear cases involving federal crimes, and cases involving parties from different states. There are 94 federal district courts in the United States.

The federal courts of appeals are the intermediate appellate courts of the federal court system. They hear appeals from the federal district courts. There are 13 federal courts of appeals in the United States.

The United States Supreme Court is the highest court in the United States. It hears appeals from the federal courts of appeals. It also hears cases involving important constitutional questions.

7. The Jurisdiction of the United States Criminal Court

The United States Criminal Court is the federal court that has exclusive jurisdiction over all criminal cases in the United States. This includes all federal crimes, as well as any state crimes that are committed on federal property or that involve interstate commerce. The Criminal Court is divided into three levels: the district courts, the circuit courts of appeals, and the Supreme Court.

8. The Structure of the United States Criminal Court

The United States Criminal Court is the court system that presides over criminal cases in the United States of America. The court system is divided into two different levels: federal and state.

The federal criminal court system is responsible for hearing cases that involve violations of federal law. These cases are typically investigated by federal law enforcement agencies, such as the FBI. The federal court system is made up of three different levels:

The lowest level is the district court, which is where most criminal cases begin. There is at least one district court in each state, and they are divided into 94 judicial districts.

The next level is the circuit court of appeals, which is made up of 11 regional courts. These courts hear appeals from the district courts.

The highest level is the Supreme Court of the United States, which is the final court of appeal.

The state criminal court system is responsible for hearing cases that involve violations of state law. These cases are typically investigated by state law enforcement agencies. The state court system is made up of two different levels:

The lowest level is the trial court, which is where most criminal cases begin. There is at least one trial court in each state, and they are divided into various court levels, such as district, superior, and municipal courts.

The next level is the appellate court, which hears appeals from the trial court. The appellate court is usually divided into two levels: the court of appeals and the supreme court.

The 8th Amendment to the United States Constitution protects citizens from excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment.

9. The Administration of the United States Criminal Court

The United States criminal court system is a complex system that is designed to handle a large volume of cases. The system is divided into two parts: the federal court system and the state court system. The federal court system is responsible for handling cases that involve federal law, while the state court system is responsible for handling cases that involve state law.

The federal court system is divided into three levels: the district courts, the circuit courts of appeals, and the Supreme Court. The district courts are the trial courts of the federal court system. They are responsible for hearing criminal and civil cases that involve federal law. The circuit courts of appeals are the appellate courts of the federal court system. They are responsible for reviewing decisions made by the district courts and determining whether or not they were made correctly. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the federal court system. It is responsible for reviewing decisions made by the lower courts and determining whether or not they were made correctly.

The state court system is divided into two parts: the trial courts and the appellate courts. The trial courts are responsible for hearing criminal and civil cases that involve state law. The appellate courts are responsible for reviewing decisions made by the trial courts and determining whether or not they were made correctly.

10. The Future of the United States Criminal Court

The United States Criminal Court is facing many challenges in the coming years. The court is tasked with handling a growing population of inmates, an aging infrastructure, and a lack of funding. These challenges are compounded by the fact that the court is understaffed and overworked.

In order to meet these challenges, the court will need to be creative and innovative. The court will need to find new ways to operate more efficiently and effectively. Additionally, the court will need to secure additional funding to support its operations.

The future of the United States Criminal Court is uncertain. However, if the court can overcome these challenges, it will continue to be a vital part of the American justice system.

References

-U.S. Const. art. III.
-U.S. Code, Title 18
-U.S. Code, Title 28
-Code of Federal Regulations
-Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure