duty (6do encyclopedia)



Duty can be defined as a moral or legal obligation that a person has to fulfill. It is a term that is often used to describe the responsibility that an individual has towards their job, their family, their community, and their country. Duty is a concept that has been discussed and debated for centuries, and it has been a central theme in philosophy, religion, and ethics.

The concept of duty has been a central focus of ethical theory for thousands of years. In ancient Greece, philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle believed that individuals had a duty to act in accordance with their moral obligations. Plato argued that individuals had a duty to seek knowledge and wisdom, while Aristotle believed that individuals had a duty to strive for excellence in all areas of life.

In the Judeo-Christian tradition, duty is often seen as a moral obligation that individuals have towards God and towards others. The Bible instructs individuals to love their neighbors as themselves and to act justly and compassionately towards others. Duty is also emphasized in other religious traditions, such as Islam and Buddhism, where individuals are expected to fulfill their obligations to God and to others.

Duty is also a concept that has played a significant role in politics and law. In many countries, citizens have a legal duty to serve in the military or to pay taxes. These duties are seen as a necessary part of maintaining a functioning society and protecting the common good.

In addition to legal and moral obligations, individuals also have duties towards themselves. These duties may include taking care of their physical and emotional well-being, pursuing their goals and passions, and cultivating meaningful relationships with others.

The concept of duty is closely related to the idea of responsibility. Both concepts involve a sense of obligation to do what is right and to fulfill one’s obligations. However, duty is often seen as a more formal and structured concept, while responsibility is more personal and subjective.

One of the challenges of fulfilling one’s duties is deciding which duties take priority over others. For example, an individual may have a duty to their job, their family, and their community. If these duties conflict, the individual must make a decision about which duty takes precedence.

Another challenge is balancing duty with personal needs and desires. For example, an individual may have a duty to their job, but also have a desire to pursue a different career or to take time off to travel or pursue a hobby. In these situations, the individual must weigh their duty against their personal desires and decide which is more important.

Overall, the concept of duty is a complex and multifaceted one that has been debated for centuries. While there is no definitive answer to what one’s duties are or how they should be fulfilled, it is clear that fulfilling one’s duties is an important part of leading a moral and fulfilling life.


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Norwegian officer found guilty of negligence over sinking of Navy frigate

The Toronto Star

23-05-15 09:26


The duty commander of a Norwegian Navy frigate which sank following a collision with an oil tanker in November 2018 has been found guilty of negligence by a Norwegian court. The Hordaland district court convicted the unidentified officer who was given a 60-day conditional sentence. The prosecution claimed that negligent navigation was the main reason for the collision. The frigate has since been raised and scrapped, and the tanker was only slightly damaged. In February 2022, Twitt Navigation, the owner of the tanker, agreed to pay $22 million to the Norwegian state in a settlement over the collision.

https://www.thestar.com/news/world/europe/2023/05/15/norwegian-officer-found-guilty-of-negligence-over-sinking-of-navy-frigate.html
Japan steps up measures to prevent illegal resale of duty-free goods

Japan Times

23-05-15 08:08


The Japanese government is cracking down on foreign visitors who purchase duty-free products and sell them to businesses that then sell them at a cheaper price in Japan. As of May 1, businesses that purchase such products and illegally resell them are being levied the consumption tax, in addition to foreign nationals who initially purchased the products for resale purposes. Customs officials are also now double-checking that visitors are taking purchased items out of the country, and anyone found not to have done so will be obliged to pay additional consumption tax in line with domestic law. The Japanese government has limited the people eligible to purchase duty-free items, and introduced digitized paperwork for such sales to enable customs officials to confirm tax-free purchases more effectively when visitors leave the country.

https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2023/05/15/business/duty-free-products-reselling/
Big stamp duty or smaller annual land tax? Victoria weighs $10 billion reform

The Sydney Morning Herald

23-05-14 19:00


Victoria's Department of Treasury and Finance has proposed buyers of Victorian homes be allowed to pay annual land taxes instead of upfront stamp duty amid a package of tax reforms designed to address housing affordability and strengthen the state’s tax base. State Treasury’s tax review is being conducted parallel with an in-state parliament, chaired by Animal Justice MP Georgie Purcell, and deputy chaired by opposition shadow special minister of state David Davis. After adding in land taxes paid by investors, property taxes accounted for almost half of Victoria’s tax take in 2021-2022.

https://www.smh.com.au/national/victoria/big-stamp-duty-or-smaller-annual-land-tax-victoria-weighs-10-billion-reform-20230514-p5d86v.html
‘China’s Hawaii’ fails post-pandemic test with weak Labour Day retail sales

South China Morning Post

23-05-13 00:00


Hainan, dubbed “China’s Hawaii” and known for its tropical scenery, experienced a fall in retail revenues over its recent “golden week” holiday, seeing during levels of visitors compare to 2021. Hainan’s retail revenues came to 883 million yuan (US$127m), marking an 11.1% drop compared with 2021. Even with an 8% increase in visitors compared with 2021, footfall in shops and malls fell 10%. China plans to turn Hainan into the world’s largest free-trade port by 2025, aiming to attract investors, businesses and individuals with lower taxes and looser visa rules.

https://www.scmp.com/business/china-business/article/3220406/duty-free-hub-hainans-may-day-holiday-retail-sales-fall-flat-first-post-pandemic-test-chinas-hawaii
Demi Moore’s guide to Sun Valley, Idaho

Financial Times

23-05-12 09:19


Actress Demi Moore has spoken to The Guardian on her love for Sun Valley, Idaho, where she has a holiday home. After Bruce Willis, her ex-husband, bought a place there over 20 years ago, Moore has been visiting the mountainous area for vacations with her family since their now-grown-up daughter Rumer was born. Although she still retains a home in Los Angeles, Moore divides her time between both locations, drawn to the the fresh mountain air, the tranquility of the area and its stunning surroundings.

https://www.ft.com/content/2290907d-ce57-420d-af10-bf65bd17934d
Detectives charged with stealing costly Champagne at Electric Zoo music festival in NYC

The Toronto Star

23-05-15 23:47


Two NYPD detectives have been charged with stealing two bottles of unopened Ace of Spades Champagne, costing $2,900, while on duty at an electronic music festival in New York, according to Manhattan prosecutors. A third detective allegedly stood by and did nothing to intervene as the champagne bottles were swiped. All three have been indicted on a combination of felony and misdemeanour charges, suspended from their jobs and on modified duty since last fall.

https://www.thestar.com/news/world/us/2023/05/15/detectives-charged-with-stealing-costly-champagne-at-electric-zoo-music-festival-in-nyc.html
Regulations and rules are stifling British tech

Telegraph

23-05-16 06:00


Activision Blizzard's has won approval for its £55bn merger with Microsoft by EU regulators, but has been blocked by the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) in the UK. The CMA said the merger could buy Microsoft a stranglehold on cloud gaming which would stifle competition. When the CMA's decision was revealed Activision protested that it showed the UK was closed to growth businesses and putting investment at risk.

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2023/05/16/regulations-and-rules-are-stifling-british-tech/
The CEO behind ChatGPT is testifying. Here’s what to expect.

Washington Post

23-05-16 12:32


The CEO of OpenAI, Sam Altman, has warned the US Senate of how AI chatbots such as his own company's risked undermining data privacy, intellectual property, competition, and US democracy. Altman made his debut appearance in the Senate this week, with senators exploring how AI chatbots could both inadvertently produce misinformation as well as how they can be used for disinformation, such as via deepfakes. Altman's chatbot has recently exploded in popularity. Senators largely played down talk of a grilling, seeking input to rein in AI chatbots like ChatGPT for legislation rather than any contentious vote ahead of the hearing. AI bias issues, as well as copyright and antitrust considerations, were also raised, with some Republican senators fearing potential intrusive surveillance capabilities.

https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2023/05/16/ceo-behind-chatgpt-is-testifying-heres-what-expect/
Metropolitan Police officer charged with rape

The Independent

23-05-16 17:14


A UK Metropolitan Police officer, PC Callum Utley, has been charged with rape. The alleged offence took place while he was off duty in Buckinghamshire in 2019, and he is due to appear at court on 25 May.

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/met-police-rape-callum-utley-buckinghamshire-b2340021.html
YouTube sends gun videos to 9-year-olds: ‘It’s not the kids. It’s the algorithms,’ study finds

Associated Press

23-05-16 19:00


Research by the Tech Transparency Project has found that YouTube's algorithms are recommending videos containing graphic gun violence to child users. Accounts that followed YouTube’s suggested videos received 382 different firearms-related videos in a month, while those that ignored the recommendations received only 34. Violent videos that violated the site's policies included video of school shootings, tactical gun training and how-to instructions on making firearms fully automatic. YouTube, owned by Google, has emphasised that identifying and removing harmful content is a priority but the Tech Transparency Project said its research showed that more investment was needed.

https://apnews.com/article/youtube-tiktok-mall-shooting-texas-guns-0cff6d93d06bb71ddfa7c190bd24d1f7
UK regulators must understand need to promote growth, Hunt says

Reuters

23-05-17 09:45


UK Finance Minister Jeremy Hunt has suggested the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) should ensure it promotes economic growth following its decision to block the £50bn ($69bn) acquisition of Classic Entertainment by Microsoft. Hunt emphasised the importance of independent regulators that aren't "controlled by politicians," but added they should understand their "wider responsibilities." Microsoft President Brad Smith has said the CMA's decision shook businesses' confidence in the UK, while Classic Entertainment has suggested the UK lacks experience of handling complex deals and should have allowed the EU to make the final ruling.

https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/uk-regulators-must-understand-need-promote-growth-hunt-says-2023-05-17/
Hunt urges competition chiefs to encourage growth after Microsoft deal blocked

Telegraph

23-05-17 15:01


UK Chancellor Jeremy Hunt has told competition chiefs they "must understand their wider responsibilities" following the regulator's move to block Microsoft's gaming mega-merger with Activision. Hunt spoke at the British Chambers of Commerce annual conference on Wednesday, saying the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) should focus on encouraging investment, while maintaining independence from politicians. Microsoft and Activision have accused the UK of discouraging investment, while the CMA has defended its decision, pointing to an independent panel. Microsoft is appealing the decision.

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2023/05/17/jeremy-hunt-competition-regulators-growth-microsoft/
What’s Trending Today: Elizabeth Holmes to Jail, Spurs Win NBA Draft, Man United Bid

Bloomberg

23-05-17 14:02


Elizabeth Holmes, founder of Theranos, will go to prison after a court ruled that she could not stay out of jail, despite an appeal. Holmes was scheduled to report to prison on 27 April, but it has not yet been confirmed when she will now be incarcerated. Meanwhile, a leading Chinese comedy company has been fined CNY14.7m ($2.13m) by the Chinese government for a military joke. Finally, Tesla is to break with tradition and try advertising, according to CEO Elon Musk.

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-05-17/manchester-united-bid-holmes-to-prison-spurs-win-nba-draft-trending-today?srnd=next-china
Hong Kong treasury chief stonewalls calls for more relief measures for homebuyers

South China Morning Post

23-05-17 11:59


Legislators in Hong Kong have approved a bill that would reduce stamp duty tax on the sale and purchase of residential properties valued up to HK10m ($1.3m). The move, which would cost the government around HK$1.9 billion ($250m) annually, aims to benefit around 37,000 first-time home buyers by reducing stamp duty payments by up to HK$67,500. Real estate agents believe the new law has boosted sentiment towards the housing market, however, property developers and estate agents will remain under scrutiny over land supply, pricing and transparency.

https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/hong-kong-economy/article/3220904/hong-kongs-treasury-chief-stonewalls-calls-more-relief-measures-homebuyers-legco-approves-stamp-duty
UK regulators should consider need for economic growth, warns Chancellor

The Independent

23-05-17 11:01


UK Chancellor Jeremy Hunt has stated regulators should recognise their economic responsibilities after gaming giants Activision and Microsoft's $68.7bn merger was blocked by the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA). The decision to prevent the deal was due to fears about detrimental effects on the cloud gaming market. In contrast, European regulatory officials granted their approval for the merger following revisions to ensure healthy market competition. The CMA's handling of the issue prompted criticism from Microsoft's vice-chair and president Brad Smith, who said the UK regulatory environment was inferior to that of the European Union.

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/activision-blizzard-microsoft-chancellor-jeremy-hunt-brad-smith-b2340520.html
Hunt urges competition chiefs to encourage growth after Microsoft deal blocked

Telegraph

23-05-17 15:01


UK Chancellor Jeremy Hunt has told competition chiefs they "must understand their wider responsibilities" following the regulator's move to block Microsoft's gaming mega-merger with Activision. Hunt spoke at the British Chambers of Commerce annual conference on Wednesday, saying the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) should focus on encouraging investment, while maintaining independence from politicians. Microsoft and Activision have accused the UK of discouraging investment, while the CMA has defended its decision, pointing to an independent panel. Microsoft is appealing the decision.

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2023/05/17/jeremy-hunt-competition-regulators-growth-microsoft/
Take-Two beats adjusted sales estimates on higher gaming demand

Reuters

23-05-17 20:27


Take-Two Interactive Software has beaten Wall Street estimates for Q4 adjusted sales with strong demand for legacy titles, such as “NBA 2K” and “Grand Theft Auto”. The results, following an upbeat performance from peers Electronic Arts and Activision Blizzard, suggest the video-gaming industry is rebounding from a sluggish 2022 - and analysts note that Take-Two’s strong sales from its video game franchises plus key upcoming releases signal it may have established itself among the dominant players in the US. However, the firm’s adjusted revenue forecast for the year has fallen below analysts’ expectations.

https://www.reuters.com/technology/take-two-forecasts-annual-adjusted-sales-below-estimates-2023-05-17/
Marine is first active-duty military member convicted in Jan. 6 riot

Washington Post

23-05-17 20:01


A US Marine has pleaded guilty after entering the Capitol building with two colleagues on 6 January, and subsequently spending more than 50 minutes wandering around. Corporal Micah R. Coomer is employed in intelligence gathering at Quantico Marine Corps Base, but neither he nor his colleagues have been charged with violent conduct or other felonies. Coomer is the first active-duty military member to plead guilty in relation to the Capitol riot. He remains on active duty at Camp Pendleton as an “intelligence surveillance reconnaissance system engineer”. Four other active service members, including Coomer’s colleagues, have been charged with breaching the Capitol.

https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2023/05/17/marine-pleads-guilty-active-duty-jan6/
Hundreds attend funeral of Chicago cop fatally shot during exchange of gunfire with youths

The Toronto Star

23-05-17 19:33


A Chicago police officer who was fatally shot during an armed robbery spree by four teenagers charged in her death was buried on Wednesday. Officer Aréanah Preston’s mother told police officers, relatives and other mourners that her daughter was a “kid full of life, dreams, big goals and wanted to make major changes”. Chicago Mayor Brandon Johnson, former Mayor Lori Lightfoot and interim Police Superintendent Fred Waller joined mourners outside the church as Preston’s white casket arrived in a hearse, draped in the city’s flag.

https://www.thestar.com/news/world/us/2023/05/17/hundreds-attend-funeral-of-chicago-cop-fatally-shot-during-exchange-of-gunfire-with-youths.html