citizens (6do encyclopedia)



Citizens are individuals who belong to a particular country or community and have the legal rights and obligations that come with their citizenship. They are important components of the social and political fabric of any society, and their role and rights differ from one country to another.

Citizenship provides individuals with a sense of belonging and a connection to their nation and its history. However, the definitions of citizenship have evolved over time. Ultimately, it is the government that determines who is a citizen and what privileges and obligations come with citizenship. In many countries, the value of citizenship and the corresponding rights and responsibilities are enshrined in a constitution, laws, or other legal requirements.

Some of the essential rights and obligations of citizenship include the right to vote and participate in the democratic process, pay taxes, serve in the military if called upon, obey the laws of the land, and be loyal to the nation. These obligations are necessary to maintain the social order and uphold the rule of law.

The concept of citizenship goes beyond these limited definitions and legal frameworks. In many instances, citizenship is an expression of deeper ideals and values, such as shared identity, common culture, and a sense of belonging to a particular community. For example, individuals who identify themselves as citizens of particular communities that span across multiple countries, such as indigenous people, may place importance on citizenship that goes beyond formal legal status.

Citizenship has significant implications for political and social participation, particularly in today’s globalized world. For example, it impacts the ability of individuals to travel, work, and settle in other countries. Citizens who live abroad can still participate in their home country’s elections and voice their concerns from a distance.

Citizens have the right to expect that their government will protect their welfare and promote their interests. They may also expect that their government provides them with education, health care, and other services that enhance their well-being. In return, citizens have the obligation to support their government, to be law-abiding, and pay taxes to sustain the public services they receive.

Modern citizenship also encompasses concerns that surpass the nation-state level. Global issues such as climate change, migration, and international development often require cooperation across nations to address effectively. In this sense, citizenship can be considered an international claim of membership based on a common desire to create a better world for all.

In conclusion, citizenship plays a significant role in shaping social and political participation and engagement, providing a framework for people to express their identity, demonstrate loyalty and fulfill their obligations, both legal and societal. As the world becomes more complex, citizenship is likely to continue evolving, with new values and expectations being added to the core concepts of rights and responsibilities. The evolution of citizenship will continue to challenge conventional notions of identity, social and political engagement, and their future role in shaping societies and the world at large.


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Tax-cutting Madrid proves that freedom works

Telegraph

23-05-12 16:24


Madrid is a model of a thriving and prosperous society based on a successful liberal model, according to Isabel Díaz Ayuso, president of Spain's Madrid region. She highlights the city's unique and diverse way of life, low taxation, agility in administration and commitments to freedoms to choose where to educate children, which hospital to go to and to live one's life in one's own way. Europe's highest life expectancy, thanks to the best public healthcare in Europe, is an additional benefit to the population of the successful city.

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2023/05/12/tax-cutting-madrid-proves-that-freedom-works1/
Iran releases 2 imprisoned French citizens, Paris says

Deutsche Welle

23-05-12 15:07


Iran has released two French citizens from prison, with campaigners suggesting that they had been held as hostages. Benjamin Briere and Bernard Phelan were both en route to France. Briere had been arrested for flying a drone in a no-go zone, with a later conviction for espionage being overturned on appeal. Phelan was arrested after taking photos of a burnt mosque during anti-regime protests. Both men had spent several months detained in jails in Iran, with several other French people also said to have been taken hostage.

https://www.dw.com/en/iran-releases-2-imprisoned-french-citizens-paris-says/a-65605574
Serbia’s populist leader denounces planned Belgrade bridge blockade after shootings

The Toronto Star

23-05-12 11:28


Serbian opposition parties are planning to block Belgrade's key bridge and motorway tonight, demanding the resignations of ministers and withdrawal of government-linked broadcast licences, following the mass shootings last week which killed 17 and left 21 injured. The government has called the rally Friday night an "abuse" of the tragedy and President Aleksandar Vucic accused the opposition of harassment, stating the police would only intervene if "people's lives are in danger." Serbia is reportedly one of the highest in Europe for the number of guns per capita.

https://www.thestar.com/news/world/europe/2023/05/12/serbias-populist-leader-denounces-planned-belgrade-bridge-blockade-after-shootings.html
Serbia's populist leader denounces planned Belgrade bridge blockade after shootings

The Independent

23-05-12 11:28


Serbian President Aleksandar Vucic has criticised an opposition rally scheduled for Friday to block a key bridge and motorway in Belgrade, claiming it amounts to "violence in politics" and "harassment" of ordinary people. The protest is aimed at pressing opposition demands following an attack last week, which left 17 people dead. Vucic denied opposition claims that his government has fuelled intolerance and hate speech while taking over all institutions, but opposition parties have called for the resignation of government ministers and the withdrawal of broadcast licences for two TV stations close to the state which promote violence.

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/belgrade-ap-aleksandar-vucic-serbia-france-b2337692.html
Net zero costs unmanageable for most homeowners, Citizens Advice warns

Telegraph

23-05-12 07:00


The average cost of retrofitting UK homes with energy efficiency measures to make them “net zero” is likely to be out of reach for most homeowners, according to Citizens Advice. The charity estimates that the average cost of initiatives such as heat pumps and loft insulation will be nearly £15,000 ($20,500) with only 16% of households able to afford a heat pump without borrowing. The UK government wants almost 17 million homes to improve their energy efficiency by 2035 in order to achieve net zero carbon emissions by 2050.

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2023/05/12/net-zero-costs-unmanageable-homeowners-citizens-advice/
Trump’s PAC funded Smithsonian portraits though individual donors were suggested, emails show

Washington Post

23-05-16 00:12


Newly acquired emails reveal that several donors were considering funding the official portraits of former President Donald Trump and former First Lady Melania Trump, rather than Trump's Save America PAC, which ultimately made a contribution of $650,000. This donation marked the first time a political organization had financed a former president's portrait for the museum; previously, they were paid for by individual donors solicited by the Smithsonian. In addition, a separate $100,000 donation from an anonymous donor was given to help fund the portraits. Although the identity of the anonymous donor is still unknown, it was made clear that the portraits could not be unveiled if Trump chose to run for president again and won. In that case, the portraits will not be displayed until after he has completed his second term. Previously, portraits of outgoing presidents have been funded by private donations, usually from the supporters of the outgoing administration. More than 200 donors contributed to the $750,000 commission fees for the Obama portraitsm but donor lists for the Obamas' and Bushes' portraits did not include any political action committees.

https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2023/05/15/trump-presidential-portrait/
How Xiamen on the Taiwan Strait front line is heeding China’s civil defence call

South China Morning Post

23-05-16 10:28


Xiamen, a city in southeastern China, recently held a citywide air defence exercise with over 600,000 individuals participating; this is the first since the country's national mobilisation reform. Residents were given a new app download to locate shelters and instructions on how to identify different types of air-strike warnings. The exercise is believed to be an effort by the city to improve its work in civil air defence, aimed at sustaining essential infrastructure to help civilians in an ongoing attack. Civil air defence serves as an integral part of President Xi Jinping's military preparation strategy, which aims to prepare for "hybrid modern warfare."

https://www.scmp.com/news/china/military/article/3220723/louder-and-clearer-how-xiamen-taiwan-strait-front-line-heeding-call-civil-defence
Cuba announces new migration policies as exodus continues

Reuters

23-05-16 19:04


Cuba has announced measures to ease restrictions on citizens living abroad, including extending the validity of passports from six to 10 years and cutting more than half the costs associated with renewing travel documents off-island. The measures, which take effect on 1 July, also eliminate a requirement that Cubans pay a fee for maintaining active status. The government's move is aimed at "strengthening ties with the Cuban community abroad". More than 300,000 Cubans arrived at the US border last year, representing a record-breaking exodus amid an economic crisis, which has put increasing stress on the country's already fragile economy.

https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/cuba-announces-new-migration-policies-exodus-continues-2023-05-16/
Five go on trial in Germany over far-right plot to kidnap health minister

The Independent

23-05-17 08:51


Five individuals have gone on trial in Germany charged with planning a far-right coup and plotting to kidnap the country’s health minister. Four men and a 75-year-old female have been accused of founding or being members of a terrorist organisation and treason. The group, which referred to itself as United Patriots, is linked to the Reich Citizens scene, that rejects Germany’s post-war constitution. Prosecutors claim the group used explosives to plan nationwide blackouts before plotting to kidnap Health Minister, Karl Lauterbach, a prominent advocate of strict coronavirus measures. Although there were no serious indications that the group was in any position to launch the coup, prosecutors said the group’s procurement of weapons and money showed they were “dangerous criminals who wanted to implement their plans”. Neither the group’s names nor their nationalities were made public at their request.

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/ap-germany-berlin-andrzej-duda-vladimir-putin-b2340434.html
Five go on trial in Germany over far-right plot to kidnap health minister, topple government

The Toronto Star

23-05-17 08:14


Five people in Germany are accused of plotting to kidnap the country’s health minister as part of a far-right coup, according to federal prosecutors. The four men and one woman are alleged to have founded or joined a terrorist organisation that rejected the German constitution in favour of the Reich Citizens movement. The group reportedly aimed to create conditions similar to civil war by triggering blackouts via explosives. The kidnapping target was Karl Lauterbach, who has called for tough coronavirus controls. No signs were detected that the conspirators were close to staging an uprising, yet prosecutors argue purchases of weapons and money indicate the group were “dangerous criminals who wanted to implement their plans”. Those accused, aged between 44 and 75, were arrested in 2020, with numerous weapons and ammunition seized. The trial opened on Wednesday; the plotters face charges including planning a “serious act of violence endangering the state”.

https://www.thestar.com/news/world/europe/2023/05/17/5-go-on-trial-in-germany-over-far-right-extremist-plot-to-kidnap-health-minister-topple-government.html
The world’s most expensive passports revealed

The Independent

23-05-17 10:48


Australia has topped a list of the most expensive passports. Compiled by insurance firm William Russell and based on data from the Global Passport Fees 2023 list, the ranking of 38 members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) puts an Australian passport at the top of the list with a price of £192 ($211). Mexico comes second with £142, followed by Switzerland at £117 and Italy at £113. The UK, Greece, France and Denmark all charge £84 for adult passports, while the most expensive student visas are charged by Australia with an average fee of £375.

https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/worlds-most-expensive-passports-b2340424.html
One million cut broadband access amid cost-of-living crisis – survey

The Independent

23-05-17 23:01


Around one million people in the UK have been cut off from broadband access over the past year as a result of affordability issues linked to increased cost-of-living pressures, according to a survey from Citizens Advice. Of those claiming universal credit, which should entitle users to discounted social tariffs to stay connected to the internet, just 5% take up the offer. Uptake of support potentially worth up to £824m a year across 95% of 4.3 million eligible households has gone unclaimed, according to Ofcom. Customers receiving universal credit who retained their broadband were found to be over four times more likely to be behind on payments.

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/citizens-advice-ofcom-sky-people-government-b2341003.html
Post-Covid, more Chinese put health, family above professional success: survey

South China Morning Post

23-05-19 03:00


Around two-thirds of China's population believe they will live healthily until they reach 80 years old, according to a study of 5k residents in 13 Asian markets by Prudential. However, while mainland China boasts a mostly content populace, rapid aging in the country could place further stress on its pension system, which has been propped up by government donations since 2013 as revenues failed to meet the deficits. China's National Health Commission has said the country will be "a severely old society" by 2035, with 400 million people expected to be aged 60 and older.

https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3221021/chinese-increasingly-put-health-family-above-professional-success-after-pandemic-survey-shows
Presidents Day Reflections on George Washington’s American Character

Heritage

23-05-19 02:37


George Washington’s enduring enterprise was to establish a national character, according to The Daily Signal. He did this with deliberate purpose and philosophical understanding. Washington’s understanding of republican government was no less comprehensive or consistent than his fellow Founders. To establish a “sacred regard to Public Justice,” Washington believed just conduct on the national level would need to replicate virtue on the individual level. A republican system requires that the people accept their requisite duties by developing in themselves a character equal to the task of citizen rule.

https://www.heritage.org/american-founders/commentary/presidents-day-reflections-george-washingtons-american-character
Why Rep. John Curtis took advantage of the climate bill he didn't vote for

Washington Post

23-05-19 11:12


US Republican Congress member John Curtis, chairman of the Conservative Climate Caucus, has been criticised for claiming $10,000 in clean-energy tax credits as part of the Democratic Inflation Reduction Act which every Republican voted against. Curtis revealed that he has used the subsidies to buy 30 rooftop solar panels and a geothermal heat pump for his Utah home. Curtis has said he bought the technology to make climate-friendly upgrades to his home well before President Biden signed the climate legislation into law and that it was not his intention to claim federal tax credits. Conservatives including Benji Backer, president and founder of the American Conservation Coalition, defended Curtis and called for a lower-cost version of the Inflation Reduction Act without liberal priorities unrelated to climate change. The GOP's debt limit bill passed by the House which includes a phase-down of solar energy tax credit has met with strong resistance from the White House and Republicans concerned about the potential impact on their constituents.

https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2023/05/19/why-rep-john-curtis-took-advantage-climate-bill-he-didnt-vote/
Anger as Russian flights land again in Georgia

BBC

23-05-19 11:05


Protesters have greeted the first direct flight from Russia to Georgia in almost four years with banners saying “you are not welcome”. Scuffles broke out as the police barred people from standing outside the arrivals hall at Tbilisi airport. Despite opposition from around 100 Georgian organisations, the government approved the new service to benefit both the country’s one million ethnic Georgian citizens living in Russia and the economy. The EU and the US have both criticised the move, which some see as a gift from Russia, with the US ambassador to Georgia saying "Putin does not give anything without extracting a price".

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-65645527
France and US destroy passports of Sudanese visa applicants, leaving them stranded in warzone

Telegraph

23-05-21 00:54


France and the US have admitted that their diplomats destroyed the passports of Sudanese citizens who had applied for visas, leaving them trapped in the war-torn country. The diplomats claim that they were following protocol to stop sensitive documents falling into the wrong hands. However, this has done nothing to assuage the anger of the stranded Sudanese citizens. The rush to evacuate embassies, because of the fighting erupted between the rival forces of Sudan’s top generals earlier this year, caused many documents to be left behind, including passports that had been submitted for visa applications.

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/05/21/france-us-destroy-passports-sudanese-visa-applicants/
Bans on Chinese land purchases in U.S. crop up in Republican-held states

Nikkei Asia

23-05-21 14:56


Several U.S. states are advancing legal efforts to prevent Chinese purchases of land, with some arguing that the measures guard against hostile foreign influence while Asian American groups view them as overreach. Florida is among those that prohibit Chinese nationals from buying land unless they are U.S. citizens or permanent residents.

https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/US-China-tensions/Bans-on-Chinese-land-purchases-in-U.S.-crop-up-in-Republican-held-states
Florida sued for barring Chinese citizens from owning homes, land

Reuters

23-05-22 21:23


Chinese citizens living in Florida have sued the state over a new law blocking citizens of China and several other countries from owning homes and land. The lawsuit stated that the state law, which comes into effect July 1, is unconstitutional and violates a federal law prohibiting discrimination in housing. The Florida legislation also prohibits most citizens of Cuba, Venezuela, Syria, Iran, Russia and North Korea from owning property within 10 miles of any military installation or "critical infrastructure facility" such as a power plant, airport or refinery.

https://www.reuters.com/legal/florida-sued-barring-chinese-citizens-owning-homes-land-2023-05-22/