-
在中国领导人习近平的领导下，中国在对外关系上采取了更加坚定的立场，提出了 "敢于斗争 "的新口号。中国已经开始了一连串的外交活动，包括在伊朗和沙特阿拉伯之间的成功调解。中国还开始为国际合作创建替代结构，特别是与发展中国家的合作。
-
中国正在以其经济实力为基础，对抗以美国为首的世界秩序，并以一个更适合中国利益的体系来取代它。这可以从习近平对俄罗斯的国事访问、关于乌克兰和平的文件以及准备接待欧洲领导人的访问中看出。更巧妙的是，中国正在推广 “中国式的现代化”，作为一个比西方的 "基于规则 "的秩序更适合发展中国家的概念。
-
这种外交推动是自冷战以来对美国主导的世界秩序的最大挑战。习近平在对外关系上采取了更积极的立场，在南中国海对人工岛进行军事化，并对外国批评者大喊大叫。自乌克兰被入侵以来，他也没有给乌克兰总统沃洛季米尔-泽伦斯基打电话。
-
习近平在2013年提出了 "一带一路 "倡议，随后在2021年提出了全球发展倡议和全球安全倡议。
-
本月他宣布了全球文明倡议，这似乎是对西方普世价值概念的挑战。
-
Tuvia Gering和Moritz Rudolf评论说，现代化不一定等于西化，这将受到发展中国家的欢迎。
-
中国已经批准向拉美国家提供220亿美元的贷款，该地区的一些国家已经与台湾断绝了外交关系。
-
中国的外交战略在该地区被认为是积极的，与北京更紧密的合作会带来物质利益。
-
这被认为是对乔-拜登的专制与民主论调的反驳。
-
中国外交政策的动机是实用主义、民族主义和地缘政治，以及保护其全球经济利益的需要。
-
中国创造了 "建设性干预 "一词，为事件提供了一个外交框架。
-
中国专家认为阿富汗、朝鲜、中东和非洲冲突是中国可以发挥越来越大作用的领域，一些人认为中国可以与美国联手努力实现和平。
-
Under Chinese leader Xi Jinping, China has taken a more assertive stance on foreign relations, with a new motto of “dare to fight”. China has already begun a flurry of diplomacy, including a successful mediation between Iran and Saudi Arabia. China has also started to create alternative structures for international co-operation, particularly with the developing world.
-
China is building on its economic power to counter the US-led world order and replace it with a system that better suits China’s interests. This has been seen in Xi’s state visit to Russia, paper on peace in Ukraine and readiness to receive visits from European leaders. More subtly, China is promoting “Chinese-style modernisation” as a concept better suited to developing countries than the west’s “rules-based” order.
-
This diplomatic push is the biggest challenge to the US-led world order since the Cold War. Xi has adopted a more aggressive stance on foreign relations, militarised artificial islands in the South China Sea and shouted down foreign critics. He has also not called Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy since his country was invaded.
-
Xi Jinping launched the Belt and Road Initiative in 2013, followed by the Global Development Initiative in 2021 and the Global Security Initiative.
-
This month he announced the Global Civilisation Initiative, which appears to be a challenge to the western concept of universal values.
-
Tuvia Gering and Moritz Rudolf have commented that modernisation does not have to equal westernisation and this will be well received by developing countries.
-
China has approved $22bn in lending for Latin American countries and several countries in the region have cut diplomatic ties with Taiwan.
-
China’s diplomatic strategy is seen positively in the region, with material benefits from closer co-operation with Beijing.
-
This is seen as a counterargument to Joe Biden’s autocracy vs democracy narrative.
-
China’s foreign policy is motivated by pragmatism, nationalism and geopolitics, as well as the need to protect its global economic interests.
-
China has coined the term ‘constructive interference’ to provide a diplomatic framework for incidents.
-
Chinese experts see Afghanistan, North Korea, Middle Eastern and African conflicts as areas where China can play a growing role, and some believe China could team up with the US in efforts towards peace.
1 个赞