European Markets (6do encyclopedia)



The European market is one of the largest and most diverse in the world, encompassing a wide variety of industries and sectors including technology, finance, retail, and healthcare. The market is characterized by a highly developed infrastructure, well-established regulatory frameworks, and a large number of mature and established companies. In this article, we will explore the various aspects of the European market, including its history, structure, and key players.

History

The European market has a rich and complex history that spans several centuries. The development of trade and commerce in Europe can be traced back to the Middle Ages when merchants from different regions started to trade goods with each other. The Renaissance period marked the beginning of a more formalized approach to trade, as the concept of the “nation-state” emerged, and governments began to develop trade policies and regulate commercial activities.

The 19th and 20th centuries saw significant changes in the European market, as the region underwent industrialization and urbanization. The emergence of new technologies and production techniques enabled the creation of large-scale manufacturing industries, and this led to the growth of companies such as Siemens, Nestle, and Unilever.

Structure

The European market is made up of a large number of diverse industries and sectors, some of which are more developed than others. The technology sector, for example, is highly developed and includes some of the world’s leading companies, such as Apple, Google, and Facebook. Other industries that are well-established in the European market include finance, retail, and healthcare.

The market is also characterized by a highly developed infrastructure, including transportation networks, communication systems, and energy production facilities. The region benefits from a high level of investment in infrastructure, which has made it a hub for international business and trade.

Regulatory Framework

The European market is regulated by a complex framework of laws and regulations that govern commercial activities and trade transactions. The European Union (EU) is the primary regulatory body for the region and is responsible for setting standards and guidelines for businesses operating within its borders.

The EU’s regulatory framework is designed to promote fair competition and protect the rights of consumers. This includes regulations related to product safety, consumer protection, and data privacy. Companies operating in the European market are required to comply with these regulations, or risk facing fines and other penalties.

Key Players

The European market is home to a large number of well-established companies, many of which have significant global reach. These companies operate across a variety of industries and sectors, including technology, finance, retail, and healthcare.

Some of the most recognizable names in the European market include Apple, Google, Facebook, Siemens, Nestle, Unilever, Deutsche Bank, HSBC, LVMH, and AstraZeneca. These companies have a significant impact on the European market and are often involved in shaping the region’s economic and political landscape.

Conclusion

The European market is a complex and diverse landscape that encompasses a wide range of industries and sectors. Its history, structure, and regulatory framework are all important factors that contribute to its overall success and growth. As the region continues to evolve and develop, we can expect to see further growth and development in key areas such as technology, finance, and healthcare, as well as continued investment in infrastructure and regulatory frameworks designed to support fair competition and protect the rights of consumers.


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Ferrovial core earnings boosted by North American revenues

Reuters

23-05-11 16:58


Spanish construction firm Ferrovial has seen core earnings rise by 39% in Q1 on the back of higher tolls, and a strong recovery in mobility across North America, where it has two-thirds of its business and is seeking to expand. EBITDA came in at €189m ($208m). The firm reported an 11% hike in revenue from a year earlier, due in part to better sales from its US and Canada highway operations. Ferrovial is moving its holding company to Amsterdam from Madrid and listing its shares there in order to apply for a US listing in 2023 as it looks to tap into government funding for the energy transition and other subsidies, Reuters reported.

https://www.reuters.com/business/ferrovial-core-earnings-boosted-by-north-american-revenues-2023-05-11/
Investors buckle up for pivotal Turkey elections

Reuters

23-05-11 16:26


Investors remain unsure how to respond to Turkey's pivotal elections on Sunday, which may require two rounds of voting, but could see President Tayyip Erdogan removed from office following the recent cost-of-living crisis caused by inflation. Despite Erdogan's insistence on low interest rates and sporadic market management, foreign investors are reportedly preparing to return to a more liberal Turkey. A spokesperson for Wall Street bank Citi has said that heavily orthodox policies, such as drastically higher interest rates, could attract upward of $50bn in foreign capital to the country's $900bn economy. Some, however, are holding a more sober outlook, with JPMorgan predicting the lira could collapse to close to 30 to the dollar from its current standing of 19.5 to the dollar if only modest policy changes occur.

https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/investors-buckle-up-pivotal-turkey-elections-2023-05-11/
Central bank sees Russian oil price averaging above $55/bbl in 2023-2025

Reuters

23-05-11 16:19


The Russian Central Bank has forecast that the price of the Russian flagship Urals oil blend will average $55 per barrel in 2023-2025, below the price cap of $60 imposed by the West on Russian oil over Moscow’s actions in Ukraine. The breakeven price of Urals is expected to be $70.1 per barrel for the Russian budget this year, highlighting that the price of Russian oil has a critical role in the country’s state coffers’ revenues. Russia’s federal budget recorded a 3.4tn rouble ($44bn) deficit in the first four months of this year. Apart from Urals, Russia also exports other oil grades, including Siberian Light, ESPO, Sokol, ARCO and others. The central bank did not give an exact forecast for the average price of Russian oil in 2023-2025. Finance Minister, Anton Siluanov, has repeatedly stated Russia’s budget deficit this year would be no more than 2% of GDP, although many analysts disagree, with The International Monetary Fund among those predicting that Russia’s budget deficit will significantly widen this year.

https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/central-bank-sees-russian-oil-price-averaging-above-55bbl-2023-2025-2023-05-11/
Renault wants to bring other strategic investors to Ampere and Alpine - CEO

Reuters

23-05-11 15:06


CEO Luca de Meo has said he is looking for strategic investors beyond Qualcomm Technologies for EV unit Ampere and sports brand Alpine which Renault has now given the priority by investing in new models for the U.S. and China. While Nissan and Mitsubishi have indicated they may take up Renault's offer to invest in Ampere, the division may also go public as early as this year, with the unit valued at up to €10bn ($10.96bn). However, de Meo said an initial public offering for Alpine was not on the cards despite the fact revenues rose a third last year, selling just over 3,500 cars. De Meo plans to use new acquisition and joint venture partnerships and technology sharing to bring down costs and grow sales, especially in EVs and connectivity, and moving beyond the company's traditional alliance with Nissan.

https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/renault-wants-bring-other-strategic-investors-ampere-alpine-ceo-2023-05-11/
Analysis: Sterling's star may fade as focus shifts to squeeze on UK economy

Reuters

23-05-11 14:47


The recent spate of UK rate increases is set to challenge a continuous strengthening of sterling against the dollar, which has been the best performing currency in the G10. Following interest rate hikes by the Bank of England on Thursday, increased worries about potential growth have driven the currency’s rise back from recent one-year highs of $1.251. Analysts predict the UK economy could face a recession in H2 2019, due to increase in borrowing costs.

https://www.reuters.com/markets/currencies/sterlings-star-may-fade-focus-shifts-squeeze-uk-economy-2023-05-11/
Asia stocks steady despite China data miss, helped by weaker dollar outlook

Reuters

23-05-16 03:16


Stocks in Asia mostly remained steady on Tuesday despite weaker-than-expected Chinese economic data. China's industrial output grew 5.6% in April from a year earlier, accelerating from the 3.9% growth seen in March. However, this was lower than the 10.9% analysts had predicted in a Reuters poll. Retail sales also missed expectations, possibly indicating a wobbly post-COVID recovery. Nevertheless, investors expect China will provide policy support to increase corporate confidence and ensure sustainable growth. The market is also cushioned by expectations that the US dollar will soften.

https://www.reuters.com/markets/global-markets-wrapup-1-2023-05-16/
ECB to hike twice more and more could come as inflation stays hot: Reuters poll

Reuters

23-05-16 02:11


The European Central Bank (ECB) will increase interest rates by 25 basis points at two consecutive meetings, according to a poll of economists by Reuters. In May, the ECB raised its deposit rate by 25 basis points. All of the 62 economists polled predicted an increase of a quarter percentage point to 3.50% next month. Just one forecast a cut of 25 basis points. The median predicted rate was 3.75% until at least next April, although five respondents expected a hike to 4.00% in September. Harper Petersen, a senior economist at Berenberg, warned there was a “risk of over-tightening” by the ECB.

https://www.reuters.com/markets/rates-bonds/ecb-hike-twice-more-more-could-come-inflation-stays-hot-2023-05-16/
Oil prices extend gains on US plans to refill reserve, Canada's wildfires

Reuters

23-05-16 01:33


Oil prices have risen for the second day as the US' Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) buys 3 million barrels of crude oil and concerns over Canadian wildfires fuelled supply worries. The US Department of Energy said on Monday it would buy oil for the SPR asking offers be submitted by 31 May. Oil supply concerns were also raised as forest fires in Canada closed down at least 319,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day, or 3.7%, of national production. On the other hand, US oil output from the seven biggest shale basins is due to rise in June to a record high.

https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/oil-prices-extend-gains-us-plans-refill-reserve-canadas-wildfires-2023-05-16/
Investors lift equity allocations to 5-month high - BofA survey

Reuters

23-05-16 08:36


Investors have increased their equity allocations to a 5-month high, but also increased cash levels to 5.6%, according to a Bank of America survey. Investors remain concerned about a potential credit crunch and inflation levels, with commercial real estate seen as the most likely source of a credit event. Tech stocks are seeing the most investment, with "long big tech" and "short banks" being popular trades. Respondents are also increasingly pessimistic about the economy, with a net 65% expecting a weaker economy, but most still anticipate a "soft landing".

https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/global-markets-bofasurvey-urgent-2023-05-16/
Banks call for scrapping UK share tax to boost City

Reuters

23-05-16 08:33


UK Finance has urged the British government to scrap its tax on purchasing shares, in a bid to boost London as a global financial hub. The call follows concerns that Brexit had cast doubt over the ability of London to attract major company listings. UK Finance CEO David Postings called for an end to the 0.5% stamp duty to boost investment and increase participation, saying that it was time to "reinvigorate the markets here to make them even more attractive and just as dependable and safe."

https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/banks-call-scrapping-uk-share-tax-boost-city-2023-05-16/
IEA says oil price downturn ignores looming supply crunch

Reuters

23-05-16 08:10


The International Energy Agency (IEA) has raised its global oil demand forecast by 200,000 barrels per day (bpd) to 102 million bpd, citing China's strong post-pandemic recovery as one of the reasons. This demand is expected to outstrip supply by almost two million bpd in H2 2021, according to the agency. The US and Brazil are predicted to lead modest supply growth of 1.2 million bpd for the year, in contrast to cuts agreed by OPEC+ that will remove 850,000 bpd from the global oil market from April to December 2021.

https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/iea-says-oil-price-downturn-ignores-looming-supply-crunch-2023-05-16/
FTSE 100 edges up as consumer stocks offset Vodafone slump

Reuters

23-05-16 07:58


The FTSE 100 has risen by 0.2% as a weaker pound boosted shares in British American Tobacco and Unilever. The index slipped briefly last week after Theresa May's snap election, but has since seen a string of minor gains that some analysts have said are due to continued support from international investors. Vodafone was the index's biggest laggard, dropping 4% after the firm predicted a €1.5bn ($1.65bn) drop in free cash flow for the rest of the year.

https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/ftse-100-edges-up-consumer-stocks-offset-vodafone-slump-2023-05-16/
Sterling falls as cracks appear in Britain's job market

Reuters

23-05-16 07:47


The pound sterling dipped after figures showed an increase in UK unemployment to 3.9%, increasing the chance that the Bank of England may opt to leave interest rates on hold. The derby suggests that there is a 68% probability of a 0.25% rise to 4.75% in June and a 32% possibility of no change. Though pay growth - a key factor in the bank's decision-making process with regard to interest rates - rose by 6.7% from the same month last year, it is still deeply negative as inflation currently stands at 10.1%.

https://www.reuters.com/markets/currencies/sterling-falls-cracks-appear-britains-job-market-2023-05-16/
Greek PM says country has changed, seeks new mandate to speed up growth

Reuters

23-05-16 12:56


Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis, who leads the conservative New Democracy party, seeks re-election with ambitious plans to boost Greece's growth potential. Hoping to win a clear majority, Mitsotakis pledged to limit inequalities and help more vulnerable groups in society. His party leads over the leftist Syriza party in opinion polls while Sunday’s election is more likely produce an outright winner. With COVID-19, high inflation, and a decade-long debt crisis, Mitsotakis has spent over €50bn ($58.27bn) in relief measures since 2020 to provide pensions and raise the monthly minimum wage by 20% to €780 to cope with the cost-of-living crisis.

https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/greek-pm-says-country-has-changed-seeks-new-mandate-speed-up-growth-2023-05-16/
Italy and EU allies "have the numbers" to block Euro 7 emission rules, Salvini says

Reuters

23-05-16 11:58


Italy's transport minister, Matteo Salvini, has stated that Italy and its allies in the European Union have the power to block the Euro 7 regulation, which tightens vehicle emission limits for pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide from 2025. Salvini mentioned France, the Czech Republic, Romania, Portugal, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Poland, and Hungary as countries with the numbers to block the regulation.

https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/italy-eu-allies-have-numbers-block-euro-7-emission-rules-salvini-says-2023-05-16/
Italy's Intesa embraces AI to tame bank supervision "information overload"

Reuters

23-05-16 11:48


Intesa Sanpaolo has developed an artificial intelligence tool to analyse vast numbers of banking supervision publications. The tool, named Lisa, or Linguistic Intelligence for Supervisory Awareness, uses language processing algorithms to identify correlations and patterns, acting faster than humans. According to the bank, the tool identified the connection between climate change and credit risks before it was evident to humans. A dedicated team at the bank will work to expand Lisa's knowledge of banking regulation issues and validate its results.

https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/italys-intesa-embraces-ai-tame-bank-supervision-information-overload-2023-05-16/
German economic growth to remain muted in near term - IMF

Reuters

23-05-16 11:39


The German economy will continue to experience muted growth in the near term, according to a country report by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The IMF cited tighter financial conditions and an energy price shock as concerns, forecasting growth in Germany's gross domestic product to stay near zero in 2023 and average GDP growth to be less than 1% over the longer term. To support disinflation, the IMF recommended a moderate tightening of the fiscal instance in 2023. Over the medium term, the IMF said Germany may need to create more fiscal room for investment in its future.

https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/german-economic-growth-remain-muted-near-term-imf-2023-05-16/
Russian central bank: Some shares bought from exiting firms should be put to market

Reuters

23-05-16 11:35


The Governor of the Russian Central Bank, Elvira Nabiullina, has said that Russian companies that leave the country should float a portion of acquired shares on the stock exchange. She is looking to help encourage foreign investment no matter whether it is from a friendly or unfriendly country. The central bank has proposed a plan whereby foreign companies selling their businesses to Russia will be required to list around 10-20% of shares on the market. No effect is going to happen from this proposal on previously concluded deals.

https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russian-cbank-some-shares-bought-exiting-firms-should-be-put-market-2023-05-16/
Exclusive: UBS set to gain EU nod for Credit Suisse deal, sources say

Reuters

23-05-16 16:41


UBS is poised to receive unconditional approval from the EU for its acquisition of Credit Suisse, according to sources. The Swiss authorities engineered a $3.4bn shotgun merger between the banks in March to avoid market-shaking turmoil in global banking. UBS's purchase will include $5bn of losses on Credit Suisse's derivative portfolio.

https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/eu-antitrust-regulators-okay-ubs-credit-suisse-deal-sources-say-2023-05-16/