Culture (6do encyclopedia)



Culture is a term that refers to the set of shared beliefs, values, customs, practices, and behaviors that define a group or society. It encompasses all aspects of life, including language, religion, music, art, literature, cuisine, fashion, and social norms. Culture is a complex and dynamic concept that is constantly changing and evolving, shaped by historical, social, economic, and political factors.

Culture is an important part of human identity and is often deeply ingrained into individuals from a young age. It shapes how people perceive and interact with the world around them and provides a sense of belonging and community. Culture helps to define and sustain traditions, religions, and social practices, giving members of a society a shared sense of history and identity.

One of the most significant aspects of culture is the transmission of knowledge and traditions across generations. This process involves the passing down of customs, beliefs, and practices from older to younger generations, ensuring that cultural practices are preserved and sustained. Traditions and customs are also often modified and adapted over time, reflecting changing social and cultural norms and values.

Language is a fundamental component of culture, providing a means for people to communicate and express themselves. Language plays a vital role in shaping how people perceive and understand the world around them, and it is often a defining characteristic of different cultures. Language can also serve as a barrier to communication and understanding between cultures, leading to misunderstandings and conflicts.

Religion is another critical aspect of culture. It provides a framework for understanding the nature of the world, the purpose of human existence, and the role of individuals within society. Religion often defines ethical values and moral principles that guide individual behavior and shape social norms. Religious beliefs and practices are often deeply woven into cultural traditions and practices.

Music, art, and literature are also important aspects of culture, providing a means for creative expression and communication. They often reflect the values, beliefs, and aspirations of a society, giving insights into the collective psyche and cultural identity. Music, art, and literature are also important vehicles for transmitting cultural knowledge and traditions across generations.

Cuisine is another essential aspect of culture, reflecting the unique flavors, ingredients, and cooking techniques of a particular region. Food often serves as a defining characteristic of different cultures, and meals and dining customs are often steeped in tradition and ritual.

Fashion is another critical aspect of culture, providing a means for individuals to express themselves and create a unique identity. Fashion trends are often influenced by cultural values and norms, historical events, and economic factors.

Social norms and practices are also important aspects of culture, defining how individuals interact with one another within a society. Rules and regulations governing behavior are often shaped by cultural norms and values, which can vary widely from one culture to another.

Globalization and increased cultural exchange have led to the blending of cultures and the emergence of new hybrid cultural forms. This process has created new opportunities for cultural exchange and understanding, but it has also led to the loss of cultural diversity and the erosion of traditional cultural forms. The commodification of culture through the media and popular culture has also led to the homogenization and commodification of cultural forms.

In conclusion, culture is a complex and multifaceted concept that plays a fundamental role in shaping human identity and providing a shared sense of history, tradition, and belonging. It encompasses all aspects of life, including language, religion, music, art, cuisine, fashion, and social norms. Culture provides a means for the transmission of knowledge and traditions across generations and reflects the changing values and norms of a society. Globalization has created new opportunities for cultural exchange and understanding but has also led to the loss of cultural diversity and the commodification of culture. Cultural understanding and appreciation are essential for building a more inclusive and equitable society, and efforts must be made to preserve and celebrate cultural diversity.


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Sex and love and cloud-gazing: Marta Balcewicz’ debut novel ‘Big Shadow’

The Toronto Star

23-05-16 16:07


"Big Shadow" is the debut novel from Toronto-based writer, Marta Balcewicz. The novel explores teenage apathy by depicting the inner revolutions of boredom. Balcewicz beautifully tells a story of rebellion and debauchery following the relationship between a teenage girl and a washed-up punk icon from the 70s. Judy becomes entranced by the middle-aged rocker and Balcewicz writes about this dawning realization with a compassionate and subtle believability. Balcewicz skillfully avoids exposing readers to unbearable levels of monotony and instead infuses the book with quaintness and naivety.

https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/books/reviews/2023/05/16/sex-and-love-and-cloud-gazing-marta-balcewicz-debut-novel-big-shadow.html
Skeletons found in Pompeii ruins reveal deaths by earthquake

The Independent

23-05-16 16:05


The skeletons of two men killed during an earthquake have been found in the ruins of the Roman city of Pompeii. Excavation techniques have helped archaeologists learn more about "violent, powerful seismic events that were happening at the time of the eruption", said director of the Pompeii Archaeological Park, Gabriel Zuchtriegel. It is thought that the area was undergoing reconstruction work at the time of eruption in AD 79, following the earthquake.

Located 15 miles southeast of Naples, Pompeii was home to about 13,000 people when it was destroyed by volcanic ash, pumice pebbles and dust, which caused an eruption similar to several atomic bombs. The Culture Ministry estimates that “at least 15-20% of the population” was killed. The area had remained undiscovered until the 16th century, but has since gained the attention of archaeologists intent on halting years of neglect and decay.

The Pompeii site saw a boost in archaeology efforts, thanks to a recently-concluded €105m EU-funded project to support the conservation and archaeological research. The Italian Culture Minister, Gennaro Sangiuliano, said “do(ing) more excavations” is necessary to fully understand an “immense treasure”.


https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/pompeii-eruption-mount-vesuvius-earthquake-b2339960.html

Cannes’s queen of controversy: Maïwenn, the director who dared to cast Johnny Depp

Telegraph

23-05-16 16:01


French director Maïwenn Le Besco, known simply as Maïwenn, is generating controversy even before her latest film, Jeanne du Barry, premieres at Cannes. Reports suggest Maïwenn cut much of star Johnny Depp's dialogue during filming, while she herself hit the headlines in March after allegedly assaulting Edwy Plenel, editor-in-chief of Mediapart, by spitting in his face in a restaurant. Plenel is suing her for damages. Maïwenn then confirmed on chat show Quotidien that she did assault him, before declining to discuss the issue in more detail. In an interview with Premiere magazine she suggested she and Depp often clashed. Maïwenn began acting as a child, and started a relationship with famed French director and producer Luc Besson when she was just 15. He repeatedly said the relationship between Jean Reno's hitman and Natalie Portman's schoolgirl in his 1994 film Léon was based on his romance with Maïwenn, who has also described the movie's "love story between a 12-year-old girl and a 30-year-old man" as "very much inspired by ours". Despite their eventual separation, Maïwenn remains friends with Besson, leading to speculation her assault on Plenel was due to articles Mediapart ran about rape claims made against Besson, none of which were ever substantiated. Maïwenn has achieved critical success as a filmmaker, but is seen as a controversial figure in France due to her views. Not only has she criticised feminists as "women who do not like men", but she has also been scathing about proponents of the #MeToo movement. "Now, me, if I agree to go to a man's room at 1am, I suspect that it is not to talk about a role,” she told Paris Match.

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/0/marwein-jeanne-du-barry-johnny-depp-director-cannes/
K-pop brought foreigners to South Korea. Now they’ve joined the ‘Korean wave’ of culture

The Toronto Star

23-05-16 14:00


Burgeoning interest in South Korean culture, particularly its music, is drawing foreigners in droves to live and work in the country, according to reports. More than 2.2 million foreign nationals are now believed to be living in South Korea, an increase of nearly 15% over the previous year. The country's international student numbers rose by more than 20% in 2022. The surge of interest is largely due to South Korean culture's new-found popularity, particularly in music. K-pop’s growing popularity has created global curiosity about South Korean pop culture, while an influx of Western visitors to live in the country is helping to add new dimensions to South Korean cultural traditions. According to a 2019 analysis by the Korean Foundation for International Cultural Exchange, meetings and trade shows promoting Korean culture add $4.9bn a year to the country's economy.

https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2023/05/16/k-pop-brought-foreigners-to-south-korea-now-theyve-joined-the-korean-wave-of-culture.html
Charities highlight risks of gambling white paper consultation delays

The Independent

23-05-16 13:43


Organisations providing treatment to problem gamblers have warned MPs that delays arising from the extended consultation on the Gambling Act, proposed in the recently published gambling white paper, could impact funding for the rising numbers of addicts. Speaking to the Culture, Media and Sport Committee, Matthew Hickey, CEO of the Gordon Moody Association, said that whilst the white paper was still being amended, many organisations faced funding uncertainty, potentially disrupting the provision of services. The white paper suggests ending the current voluntary system of gambling industry levy payments and introducing a statutory levy.

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/charities-mps-lucy-frazer-gambling-commission-b2339862.html
Will Johnny Depp’s Cannes comeback save his career?

Telegraph

23-05-16 19:57


Johnny Depp has made his comeback to the big screen in new film Jeanne Du Barry, about France's low-born courtesan who became embroiled in scandal because of her passionate liaison with King Louis XV. However, the bizarre marketing of the new film has fuelled speculation about Depp's future. His French co-star, Maïwenn, takes centre stage on the posters, with the typically poor reviews of Jeanne du Barry pointing towards Depp's performance as part of the problem. The Pirates of the Caribbean star has seen his career sag in the wake of allegations of domestic abuse from ex-wife Amber Heard. While Depp was vindicated in a separate case, which saw him win $10m, the bad publicity has left Hollywood wary of welcoming him back.

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/2023/05/16/johnny-depp-cannes-jeanne-du-barry-comeback-career/
Is Cannes opener Jeanne du Barry Johnny Depp’s crowning glory? Er, non

Telegraph

23-05-16 19:56


Johnny Depp stars as King Louis XV in the opening gala of Cannes Film Festival. The film, which portrays the story of the 18th-century royal and his scandalous affair with courtesan Jeanne Vaubernier, otherwise known as the Comtesse du Barry, has been criticised as a "stale and draughty" period piece. Although handsomely shot, audiences have complained that the central relationship between Jeanne and Louis never convinces. It's yet to be reported when the film will premiere in the UK.

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/0/cannes-2023-jeanne-du-barry-review-johnny-depp/
‘It’s not true to say Phil and Holly are not speaking’: inside the meltdown at This Morning

Telegraph

23-05-16 19:00


Reports suggest that Phillip Schofield and Holly Willoughby, stars of the daytime television show This Morning, have fallen out and that Schofield may be departing the show. The rumoured reasons for the rift range from a perceived declining on-screen chemistry, to Schofield becoming overly demanding of Willoughby's time. One This Morning insider claimed that Schofield had become "needy," as he has no family responsibilities. Schofield announced that he was gay in 2020 and subsequently moved out of the home he shared with his wife and daughters of 27 years. Despite this, he has not pursued a serious relationship leaving sources to argue that he has "become unmoored." Schofield hired a lawyer to combat allegations and is desperate to hang onto his job. Willoughby, however, has built her own career and brand, suggesting that the partnership may be coming to an end.

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tv/0/holly-willoughby-and-phillip-schofield-this-morning-tension/
Rebekah Vardy: Jehovah’s Witnesses and Me, review – how the church failed to protect children

Telegraph

23-05-16 23:00


Rebekah Vardy, known in the UK as the former spouse of a footballer and the central figure in a recent tabloid libel case, has presented a serious investigation into allegations of abuse and cover up within the Jehovah’s Witness community. Vardy was raised as a Witness, and details in the programme her experience of sexual abuse from the age of 12, alongside the lack of support from the church beyond blame. The documentary is being taken seriously by campaigners about alleged abuse within the community.

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tv/2023/05/16/rebekah-vardy-jehovahs-witnesses-and-me-channel-4-review/
Man fired by text after disclosing hepatitis C diagnosis wins $65k in human rights case

CBC

23-05-17 01:03


A construction worker who was fired from his new job after informing his employer about his hepatitis C diagnosis has won a human rights case in British Columbia. The tribunal found in favour of the worker, who has been awarded more than CAD65,000 ($50,000) in damages. The ruling criticised the "culture of toxic masculinity" at the man's former employer.

https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/hepatitis-c-human-rights-tribunal-case-1.6845751
China slaps comedy firm with $2 million fine over military joke

Japan Times

23-05-17 07:08


Shanghai-based comedy company Xiaoguo Culture Media has been fined CNY13.35m ($2.13m) and had CNY1.35m confiscated after Chinese censors accused it of harming society by breaking censorship rules. The decision followed the performance by one of its comedians, Li Haoshi, known as House, when he made a joke about the People’s Liberation Army that drew strong criticism on social media for its perceived slant on the PLA. The case has divided public opinion on what kind of humour is acceptable, as stand-up comedy grows in popularity. Xiaoguo Culture blamed its “major loopholes in management” and said it had terminated Li’s contract in response.

https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2023/05/17/asia-pacific/china-comedian-joke-censorship-pla/
Chinese authorities slap comedy firm with $2 mln fine after military joke

Reuters

23-05-17 06:28


China has fined comedy company Shanghai Xiaoguo Culture Media CNY14.7m ($2.13m) and confiscated CNY1.35m of its "illegal gains" for "harming society" after a joke made by one of its comedians led to significant public criticism. Li Haoshi, who performs under the name House, made the joke about China's People's Liberation Army at a live stand-up set in Beijing on 13 May, which sparked an outcry when it went viral. The incident has underlined the limits on appropriate content in China where authorities say it must promote "core socialist values".

https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/chinese-slaps-comedy-firm-with-2-mln-fine-after-military-joke-2023-05-17/
Mark Stewart, front man of the Pop Group, post-punk mavericks – obituary

Telegraph

23-05-17 06:00


Mark Stewart, the singer, songwriter and activist who founded the Pop Group and became an influential figure in the post-punk scene, has died aged 62. The band initiated sub genres including avant-funk and trip-hop, and inspired Nick Cave and the Birthday Party to move from Australia to Britain. As well as working with the New Age Steppers and forming Mark Stewart and the Maffia, Stewart was a campaigner for the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament and was recognised as a leading voice in bringing politics into music. The Pop Group reformed in 2010, releasing two albums.

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2023/05/17/mark-stewart-singer-the-pop-group-died-obituary/
Deborah Warner on the anarchic, disturbing masterpiece that made her fall in love with opera

Telegraph

23-05-17 06:00


Director Deborah Warner has spoken to the Telegraph about revisiting her production of Alban Berg’s Wozzeck, to be staged at the Royal Opera House (ROH) nearly 30 years after the first performance in Leeds. The production tells the tale of a man exploited by those in power who must overcome a brutalising society. Described as “one of the great masterpieces of the 20th century,” Warner says that the opera is “so immediate, compelling, anarchic – the work of an impassioned 23-year-old.” The production features cutouts by designer Hyemi Shin. Commenting on the design, Warner said: “Hyemi’s painted backdrops will be exquisitely beautiful – and not what you expect from Wozzeck.”

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opera/what-to-see/deborah-warner-wozzeck-royal-opera-house/
Amanda Craig: ‘Chick lit has been disastrous for women writers’

Telegraph

23-05-17 06:00


Midlist author and novelist, Amanda Craig, who has been dubbed a modern-day Anthony Trollope, has spoken out about the difficulties of making waves as a midlist author of traditional socio-political novels. Craig said that in a market saturated by debut novelists, the novels of midlist authors could be perceived by readers as a "lecture". Craig believes that the state of the nation novel is an unfashionable genre these days and said that she is "lucky my publisher has always stood by me, albeit recently somewhat nervously.” Increasingly, Craig suggests that writers are under pressure not to include characters who could be seen as being offensive, especially in the US.

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/books/authors/amanda-craig-novelist-interview/
Halim Flowers, from US prison cell to Paris art show

RFI

23-05-17 12:09


Halim Ali Flowers, who was convicted as an adult at the age of 16 for a crime he did not commit and who served over 20 years in jail until he was released in 2019, is now making his mark as an artist, selling his work for over $1m. Flowers' colourful paintings, which sell at Champop gallery in Paris until this Sunday, are a take on the lives of those on the margins of society, including prisoners, the homeless and those struggling with mental health issues, and embody his mission to change perceptions, especially with regard to justice in the US.

https://www.rfi.fr/en/culture/20230517-halim-flowers-from-us-prison-cell-to-paris-art-show
Left-wing wants to replace Holocaust with Black Lives Matter, says David Starkey

The Independent

23-05-17 10:06


David Starkey, an historian specialising in Tudor history, has been accused of saying that left-wing activists are “jealous” of the holocaust and want to replace it with slavery in a speech to the National Conservatism conference in London. In the speech, he claimed that groups such as Black Lives Matter were attempting to destroy “white culture” and “do exactly what was done to German culture because of Nazism and the Holocaust”. The historian’s comments, which brought swift condemnation from community groups, have been removed from YouTube.

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/david-starkey-black-lives-matter-scots-jews-london-b2340469.html
Fast X, review: trashy, wildly OTT, and just what the doctor ordered

Telegraph

23-05-17 17:00


Fast X, the tenth instalment of the Fast and Furious franchise, draws from a range of characters including Jason Momoa's flamboyant supervillain Dante Reyes and combines increasingly unrealistic stunts with a "stacked ensemble" cast, according to The Guardian. The view argues that the film, overseen by director Louis (Now You See Me) Leterrier, treads a thin line between bloated earnestness and maximum trashy entertainment.

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/0/vin-diesel-in-fast-x-review-trashy-ridiculous/
Rishi Sunak won’t ban China’s Confucius Institutes despite promising to scrap them

Telegraph

23-05-17 16:02


UK Chancellor Rishi Sunak will not ban Chinese cultural organisation Confucius Institutes, despite pledging to. Prime Minister Boris Johnson also promised last summer to close the country’s 30 institutes, which provide culture and language classes to international students. Critics allege they could be used by the Chinese Communist Party for espionage. However, a Downing Street spokesman said banning the institutes would be disproportionate, and that official concerns about their activities would be reassessed. The institutes have been prohibited in Sweden and funding restricted by the US.

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2023/05/17/china-confucius-institutes-rishi-sunak-ban-chinese-culture/