Brookings Institution （6do encyclopedia）230508

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The Brookings Institution is one of the most influential think tanks in the United States. Founded in 1916, it is a nonprofit public policy organization based in Washington D.C. The institution is known for its research, policy recommendations, and analysis on national and international issues. Its focus areas include economics, foreign policy, governance, and social policy. The institution’s goal is to provide innovative ideas and solutions to policymakers, researchers, and the general public.

Overview

The Brookings Institution was established by Robert S. Brookings, a successful businessman and philanthropist. Brookings had a vision of creating a research institution that would help shape public policy in the United States. The institution was founded on the principle that research and analysis could provide solutions to complex problems facing the country.

Today, the Brookings Institution is a prestigious think tank that influences policy decisions at the highest levels of government. Its research and analysis are widely cited by policymakers, the media, and academics. It has also served as a training ground for many of the country’s most respected policymakers and scholars.

Leadership and Governance

The Brookings Institution is governed by a board of trustees, which is responsible for setting the organization’s mission, goals, and strategic direction. The board is composed of leaders from the business, nonprofit, and academic communities.

The institution’s president is John R. Allen, a retired four-star Marine Corps general. Allen succeeded Strobe Talbott, who served as president from 2002 to 2017. Prior to his appointment, Allen was the senior advisor to the Secretary of Defense and the special presidential envoy for the Global Coalition to Counter ISIL.

Research and Programs

The Brookings Institution is organized into five research programs, each focused on a specific area of policy:

1. Economic Studies: This program focuses on economic policy issues, including fiscal and monetary policy, trade, and income inequality. It publishes a quarterly journal, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, and hosts an annual conference on economic policy.

2. Foreign Policy: This program focuses on U.S. foreign policy, including issues related to globalization, international economics, and security. It publishes a bi-weekly podcast, The Worldly, and a quarterly journal, Foreign Policy at Brookings.

3. Governance Studies: This program focuses on issues related to governance, democracy, and the rule of law. It conducts research on topics such as civic engagement, social welfare policy, and electoral reform.

4. Metropolitan Policy: This program focuses on issues related to metropolitan growth and development. It conducts research on topics such as economic development, infrastructure, and urban planning.

5. Global Economy and Development: This program focuses on development policy and economics, including issues related to poverty reduction, globalization, and sustainable development. It publishes a quarterly journal, Global Economy and Development at Brookings.

The institution also hosts a number of initiatives and centers focused on specific issues, including the Center for Middle East Policy, the Africa Growth Initiative, and the Center for Universal Education.

Impact

The Brookings Institution has had a significant impact on public policy in the United States. Its research and analysis have influenced policy decisions related to economic growth, foreign policy, and social welfare.

Some of the institution’s notable accomplishments include:

1. Proposing the creation of a federal reserve system: The institution’s founder, Robert S. Brookings, was instrumental in proposing the creation of a federal reserve system in the United States. The institution’s economists provided research and analysis that helped shape the debate around monetary policy in the early 20th century.

2. Providing policy recommendations during the Great Depression: During the Great Depression, the Brookings Institution provided policy recommendations to President Franklin Roosevelt and other policymakers. These recommendations helped shape the New Deal and the country’s recovery from the economic crisis.

3. Advancing healthcare reform: The institution’s researchers have been involved in the healthcare reform debate for decades. Its analysis and recommendations have influenced policy decisions related to healthcare access, affordability, and quality.

4. Shaping U.S. foreign policy: The institution’s foreign policy experts have played a significant role in shaping U.S. foreign policy, including issues related to regional stability, democracy promotion, and global security.

Conclusion

The Brookings Institution is a highly respected think tank that has had a significant impact on public policy in the United States. Its research and analysis have shaped economic policy, foreign policy, and social welfare policy over the past century. Its ability to provide innovative ideas and solutions to policymakers has made it a valuable resource for those seeking to address complex problems facing the country and the world.

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Are slackers keeping the labour market hot?

Financial Times

23-05-08 13:19

New research from the Brookings Institution has found that many American workers, specifically educated men, are working fewer hours than before the pandemic. While lower-wage workers increased hours to keep up with the cost of living, highly educated men, mostly in the top 10% of earners, are working less than before. Some of this is attributed to remote working, removing the daily commute thus taking away some working hours. However, some of it is also evidently down to people re-evaluating their personal priorities, especially after experiencing the benefits of better balance during the pandemic. Highly-educated men and younger generations, including men, are tending to prefer working a flexible schedule around their personal lives, resulting in a concern from CEO’s about future labor shortages. Some companies appear to be thinking about out-of-the-box ways to accommodate uber-flexible schedules, such as creating platforms where tasks can be worked on at any time of day or night. Others are talking about investing more in generative AI to replace human employees.

https://www.ft.com/content/6fa378b0-0e7a-4f28-b7b3-549a1812e1f8

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Why Joe Biden Needs a Primary Challenger

NY Times

23-05-08 09:00

Progressives in the Democratic party should challenge President Joe Biden in the upcoming primary elections to change his hawkish foreign policy views that mimic US former President Donald Trump's views, according to Peter Beinart, a professor of journalism and political science at the Newmark School of Journalism at the City University of New York. Progressives could put into circulation ideas that won’t otherwise get a hearing in official Washington, such as a joint US-China initiative to support green energy and a ban on US policymakers cashing in with weapons makers and foreign governments once they leave office.

As The New York Times outlined, the last Democratic presidential primary saw Bernie Sanders, who challenged Biden from the left, join working groups that crafted a common agenda on the economy, education, health care, criminal justice, immigration and climate change. From those task forces came what Barack Obama called “the most progressive platform of any major-party nominee in history.” And that progressivism continued into Mr. Biden’s presidency. One hundred days after he took office, Mr. Biden had “moved leftward with his party, and early in his tenure is driving the biggest expansion of American government in decades.”

However, Beinart argues that while domestically Biden has become increasingly progressive, it’s a different story when it comes to his foreign policy views. For instance, Biden’s foreign policy towards China is being criticised and he generally hasn’t challenged the hawkish conventional wisdom that permeates Washington. Only a 2024 primary challenge, which would show that the Biden foreign policy team is out of step with the party’s base, offers any hope of changing that.

https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/08/opinion/joe-biden-primary-challenger-foreign-policy.html?searchResultPosition=4

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Biden Administration Tamps Down Talk of US-China Decoupling

Bloomberg

23-05-08 08:00

The Biden administration needs to reassure its allies that it is not encouraging a long-term decoupling between the US and China's economies, according to Bloomberg. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen will reportedly reinforce this message at the forthcoming meeting of Group of Seven finance ministers this week, with President Joe Biden discussing decoupling further with leaders at summits in Japan and Australia. However, China's leaders do not believe this, and many of the US' allies and businesses are also sceptical that a decoupling from China's economy would not cause significant disruption for them.

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-05-08/yellen-s-g7-comments-likely-won-t-assuage-us-china-tensions?srnd=next-china

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Can Ukraine Get Justice Without Thwarting Peace?

Foreign Affairs

23-05-08 04:00

Calls are growing for a special tribunal to be set up to prosecute the Russian leaders responsible for the country's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. The tribunal would be run specifically to try the crime of aggression, which is a clear disregard for the UN Charter’s prohibition on the use of force. The International Criminal Court, which already has jurisdiction over Russian atrocities committed in Ukraine, cannot bring aggression prosecutions against nationals of countries that are not parties to the treaty. A U.S.-backed loophole allows for US, Chinese and Russian officials to be immune from the court's jurisdiction, among others. Former UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown has argued that such a court is needed to fortify the norm against conquest, deter future aggressors, and provide justice for the war’s victims. Advocates for the new tribunal disagree on the body's form, though they agree that Russia’s aggression must not go unpunished in a court of law. Many are hailing this as a 'new Nuremberg moment'.

There are few precedents for a tribunal to charge wartime leaders for aggression, though international lawyers have pointed to the post–World War II International Military Tribunal as a successful example. The ICC Rome Statute did not cover the crime of aggression when it became effective in 2002. When the issue was addressed in 2010, the US insisted that the court cannot exercise jurisdiction over a charge of aggression against nationals of countries that are not parties to the Rome Statute. Several experts had expected that the crime of aggression would move to the back of the international legal agenda for the foreseeable future.

Efforts to establish an aggression tribunal are being supported by prominent Western scholars, former officials, and Ukrainian advocacy. Arguments in support of the tribunal range from the moral to the practical, from deterring future wars of aggression to acknowledging lives and property lost in actions that may be technically permissible under the laws of war. To date, the discussion has tended to focus mainly on different models for overcoming the technical barriers to prosecution, while glossing over the impracticality of these proposals. Despite significant obstacles, Ukraine and its partners continue to press for the creation of an international tribunal.

https://www.foreignaffairs.com/ukraine/russia-ukraine-justice-thwarting-peace

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US debt ceiling debacle adds to economists’ fears of turmoil

Financial Times

23-05-07 12:19

Economists are concerned that political tension surrounding the US debt ceiling could cause turbulence in coming weeks, risking a financial and economic crisis. With the two US political parties failing to agree on a ceiling increase, the Treasury Secretary has warned stop-gap measures will run out as soon as 1 June. Financial experts warn that a “multiplicative effect” caused by uncertainty on top of other global concerns could lead to financial volatility in an economy already weakened by low growth and inflation.

https://www.ft.com/content/7b523066-9b1a-4a91-8912-48983557eaf2