Brazil （6do encyclopedia）230509

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Brazil, officially known as the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. Situated in the eastern part of South America, Brazil shares borders with Uruguay, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana. Brazil is known for its scenic landscapes, sandy beaches, carnivals, and diversified culture.

History:

Brazil was inhabited by several indigenous tribes for thousands of years before the arrival of the Portuguese in 1500. They established settlements along the coast and began to export Brazilwood, which gave the country its name. Over the years, Brazil became a hub for the slave trade, with an estimated four million enslaved Africans being brought to the country. Brazil became a monarchy in 1822, when it declared independence from Portugal. The country became a republic in 1889, following a military coup.

Politics:

Brazil is a federal presidential constitutional republic, with a multi-party system. The president is both the head of state and the head of government. Jair Bolsonaro is the current president of Brazil. Brazil has a bicameral legislative system, consisting of the Federal Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. The Supreme Court of Brazil is the country’s highest court.

Economy:

Brazil is the world’s ninth-largest economy by nominal GDP and the ninth-largest by purchasing power parity. It has abundant natural resources, including iron ore, gold, oil, and arable land. The country is also the world’s largest exporter of coffee, soybeans, and orange juice. Brazil’s economy is diverse, with industries in agriculture, manufacturing, and services. Brazil is a member of the Brics group and the G20.

Culture:

Brazil has a rich and diverse culture, influenced by its indigenous, African, European, and Asian roots. Music is an essential part of the country’s culture, with samba, bossa nova, and pagode being some of the most famous genres. Brazil is also known for its cuisine, which varies from region to region. Feijoada, churrasco, and coxinha are some of the most famous dishes. Brazil is known for its Carnaval, a grand festival held annually, where people celebrate by performing samba, dressing up in costumes, and participating in parades.

Sports:

Football or soccer is the most popular sport in Brazil. The country has a rich tradition in the sport, having won the FIFA World Cup five times, the most by any team. Brazil is also known for producing some of the greatest footballers of all time, including Pele, Zico, Ronaldo, and Ronaldinho. Other popular sports include volleyball, basketball, and mixed martial arts.

Tourism:

Brazil is a popular tourist destination, with over 6 million visitors annually. The country boasts several natural and cultural attractions, including the Amazon rainforest, the beaches of Rio de Janeiro, the Iguazu Falls, and the colonial city of Salvador. Brazil also has several UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including the Historic Centre of Salvador da Bahia and the Brasilia Modern Ensemble.

Conclusion:

Brazil is a country that is diverse, rich in history and culture, and a blend of different traditions. The country’s potential lies in its natural resources, growing economy, and a population that is young and dynamic. With tourism being a significant contributor to its economy, Brazil offers a wide range of experiences for visitors, from scenic landscapes to vibrant cultures, and is a must-visit destination.

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Swarms of killer bees leave six dead after bus crashes into hives

Telegraph

23-05-09 10:34

A traffic accident in Nicaragua has led to the death of six people, including a mother and her eight-year-old daughter. The travellers were on board a coach that came off the road and crashed in a coffee plantation, where African honeybees were kept. The angry insects are said to have stung 45 passengers as they made their escape from the vehicle. Although reports initially put the number of dead at four, two of the most seriously injured people later died in hospital from the insect stings. The driver of the bus is reported to have lost control due to mechanical faults.

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/05/09/killer-bees-nicaragua-deaths-bus-crash-hives/

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‘It’s killing koalas’: Australia begins vaccinating marsupials against STD

South China Morning Post

23-05-09 08:30

Scientists in New South Wales have embarked on a field trial to vaccinate wild koalas against chlamydia. Around 50 individuals, or roughly half the koala population in the Northern Rivers region will be vaccinated. The treatment was initially tested on koalas brought to rescue centres and is now being assessed on the impact on a wild population. Chlamydia can cause blindness, infertility and death in koalas and threatens the marsupials that could become extinct by 2050 in New South Wales because of disease, habitat loss and road accidents. The complexities of a koala’s digestive system means that antibiotics are not an effective treatment for the condition, which is thought to have passed from infected sheep and cattle. Vaccinating against chlamydia is resource-intensive because of the challenges of trapping and treating koalas.

https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/australasia/article/3219906/australia-begins-vaccinating-koalas-against-chlamydia-prevent-extinction

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Analysis: Fears mount for the Arctic as cooperation with Russia stalls

Reuters

23-05-09 06:04

https://cloudfront-us-east-2.images.arcpublishing.com/reuters/7IUCLWFWIVL6DKOQWVM5M36N6A.jpg（图片大于 4 MB）

With non-Arctic countries looking to exploit the vast untapped mineral resources, about half of the Arctic coastline is controlled by Russia making cooperation key to ensure environmental stability in the area, but one year after other members of the Arctic Council stopped working with Russia, it is now being asked whether the polar body's viability is at risk. Many experts argue that if is cannot cooperate with Russia then the Arctic Council will be ineffective and non-Arctic countries could exploit the mineral resources there. 

https://www.reuters.com/world/fears-mount-arctic-cooperation-with-russia-stalls-2023-05-09/

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‘I’ve just got to do it’: Bodysurfing six-metre waves in Speedos

The Sydney Morning Herald

23-05-09 05:55

Kalani Lattanzi caught some of the largest waves ever to hit Coogee's Sydney coastline this week while bodysurfing in nothing but flippers, Speedos, and with chest-mounted GoPro camera. Lattanzi’s record is a 12-meter face at Nazare in Portugal but spent the day paddling into the seven-meter swells and stripping off his wetsuit when he realised it was hindering him more than helping. He was in Sydney after visiting Melbourne’s man-made break, Urbnsurf. Lattanzi has spent more than ten years chasing and bodysurfing the world’s largest waves, including Jaws in Maui and Mavericks in southern California.

https://www.smh.com.au/sport/i-ve-just-got-to-do-it-bodysurfing-six-metre-waves-in-speedos-20230509-p5d6zg.html

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Explainer: Why the EU is restricting grain imports from Ukraine

Reuters

23-05-09 05:19

Five Eastern European countries have lifted bans on Ukrainian wheat, maize, rapeseed and sunflower seeds that were put in place citing the need to protect local farmers after the European Commission announced restrictions on these imports to these markets. This move led to an increase in Ukraine's exports of grains and oilseeds through these smaller Eastern European ports to land routes to compensate for being unable to use Black Sea ports. Ukraine is one of the largest global exporters of grains and oilseeds, but prices have fallen as demand from China has slowed, and countries like Russia and Brazil have produced strong exports too.

https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/why-eu-is-restricting-grain-imports-ukraine-2023-05-09/