AI (6do encyclopedia)230508



Introduction to AI

Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the development of computer programs with the ability to perform tasks that typically require human cognition. It is an interdisciplinary field that combines computer science, mathematics, and cognitive psychology. AI programs use various techniques such as machine learning, natural language processing, and computer vision to perform tasks ranging from image recognition to speech recognition and from problem-solving to decision-making.

AI has become increasingly important in recent years, as the amount of data available for analysis has grown exponentially. With the development of faster and more powerful computing resources, it has become possible to create highly complex AI programs that can analyze vast amounts of data and provide insights that would be almost impossible to obtain through traditional analytical methods.

Types of AI

There are three main types of AI: reactive machines, limited memory, and self-aware.

Reactive machines are the simplest type of AI and do not have any memory or the ability to learn from experience. They operate solely on the basis of the information they receive at a given moment. They are typically used for tasks such as playing chess or solving mathematical problems.

Limited memory AI, as the name suggests, has some memory and is capable of learning from past experiences. These AI programs use data from previous interactions to make better decisions in the future. They are used for tasks such as personalizing recommendations on e-commerce sites.

Self-aware AI is the most advanced type of AI that can understand its own existence and make decisions based on that understanding. It is also capable of self-improvement and can learn from its own experiences. This type of AI is still at a very early stage of development and is not yet being used in any practical applications.

Applications of AI

AI has numerous applications across industries, including healthcare, finance, entertainment, transportation, and retail. Some of the most common applications of AI are:

  1. Speech recognition: AI programs can analyze spoken language and convert it into written text, enhancing the accessibility of content for individuals with hearing impairments.

  2. Image recognition: AI-powered image recognition technology is used in a wide range of applications such as security surveillance, self-driving cars, and image tagging on social media sites.

  3. Natural language processing: AI programs can process and analyze text data, allowing for the development of chatbots that can converse with customers to provide support or answer queries.

  4. Fraud detection: AI algorithms can analyze transaction data and identify suspicious patterns in real-time to prevent fraud.

  5. Personalized recommendations: AI algorithms can analyze user behavior and patterns to provide personalized recommendations for products or services.

Challenges and ethical concerns

While AI has the potential to revolutionize industries and improve efficiency, there are also concerns about its potential to replace human jobs and exacerbate social inequalities. There are also ethical concerns around the use of AI, such as the potential for autonomous weapons, privacy violations, and bias in decision-making.

To mitigate these challenges, it is important to develop transparent AI systems that are accountable and explainable. It is also important to ensure that AI is being used in socially responsible ways and that its potential negative impacts are being carefully considered.

Conclusion

AI is a rapidly evolving field with near-endless potential for development and application. The technology offers the potential for greater efficiency, enhanced decision-making and improved competitiveness. However, careful development and responsible application of AI are necessary to ensure that it delivers positive benefits to society without creating new problems. It is clear to say that AI will continue to shape the way we live, work, and interact with machines and technology.


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Are slackers keeping the labour market hot?

Financial Times

23-05-08 13:19


New research from the Brookings Institution has found that many American workers, specifically educated men, are working fewer hours than before the pandemic. While lower-wage workers increased hours to keep up with the cost of living, highly educated men, mostly in the top 10% of earners, are working less than before. Some of this is attributed to remote working, removing the daily commute thus taking away some working hours. However, some of it is also evidently down to people re-evaluating their personal priorities, especially after experiencing the benefits of better balance during the pandemic. Highly-educated men and younger generations, including men, are tending to prefer working a flexible schedule around their personal lives, resulting in a concern from CEO’s about future labor shortages. Some companies appear to be thinking about out-of-the-box ways to accommodate uber-flexible schedules, such as creating platforms where tasks can be worked on at any time of day or night. Others are talking about investing more in generative AI to replace human employees.

https://www.ft.com/content/6fa378b0-0e7a-4f28-b7b3-549a1812e1f8
Canadian bank stocks not fully out of the way of U.S. financial turmoil

The Globe and Mail

23-05-08 12:15


Canadian banks are better positioned than their US counterparts, due to growing bank deposits, according to ScotiaBank. The report stated that Canadian balance sheets were much more stable thanks to a larger percentage of deposits funding, making them less exposed to deposit flight. Despite this, borrowing costs for Canadian banks will increase when deposits move to higher yielding accounts, crimping profits.

https://www.theglobeandmail.com/investing/markets/inside-the-market/article-canadian-bank-stocks-not-fully-out-of-the-way-of-us-financial-turmoil/
Inside Microsoft’s bid to win Silicon Valley’s cut-throat AI race

Telegraph

23-05-08 12:00


Microsoft is looking to place artificial intelligence (AI) into everything it can, to include boosting business, while scientists, ethicists and others debate whether the sector is on the brink of a new industrial revolution or widespread labour redundancy. One of the company's key advances so far is Copilot, its AI chatbot. The programme has been connected to PowerPoint to produce slide decks in minutes from a series of bullet points. Walter Sun, vice-president of AI for business applications said Copilot could become an "autopilot" by 2028. This would take human oversight out of the task and empower software to handle every aspect of preparing the deck. At the same time, there are concerns AI could make office jobs redundant. IBM CEO Arvind Krishna has said thousands of back office staff will be “replaced by AI and automation over the next five years”.

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2023/05/08/inside-microsofts-bid-to-win-silicon-valleys-ai-race/
AI could pose ‘more urgent’ threat to humanity than climate change, Geoffrey Hinton says

The Globe and Mail

23-05-08 11:35


Artificial intelligence could present a more imminent threat to humanity than climate change, according to Geoffrey Hinton, one of the “godfathers” of AI. Hinton’s work helped develop the neural networks necessary for AI systems. He quit Google parent company Alphabet earlier this year so that he could discuss the potential risks of AI without affecting his former employer. Increasing numbers of tech leaders are voicing concerns that AI may become an existential threat to mankind. Elon Musk and others signed a letter calling for a six-month pause in the development of AI models more powerful even than OpenAI’s ChatGPT.

https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/technology/article-ai-could-pose-more-urgent-threat-to-humanity-than-climate-change/
China announces first known ChatGPT arrest over fake train crash news

South China Morning Post

23-05-08 10:00


A man has been arrested in China for allegedly using deepfake technology to create and distribute false news stories. In one such instance, a fake article stating that nine people had died in a local train accident received more than 15,000 clicks by the time it was brought to the attention of authorities. The case marks the first such arrest in China since regulations on the use of deepfake technology came into effect in January. Previously, regulation was divided among multiple authorities. China's cyberspace regulator has voiced concerns about the criminal applications of deep synthesis technology.

https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3219764/china-announces-first-known-chatgpt-arrest-over-alleged-fake-train-crash-news